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HomeMy WebLinkAboutF-09.1. InspectionReports 2014-2016UB-217 APPROVED UTILITY BOARD 5/22/2017 UB-218 DOCUMENT FOR PUBLIC REVIEW RELATED TO: UTILITY BOARD AGENDA THE ATTACHED DOCUMENTS ARE RELATED TO ITEM F-9 ON MAY 22, 2017 AGENDA OF THE AZUSA UTILITY BOARD REPORT ENTITLED: 2014-16 ANNUAL SUMMARY INSPECTION REPORTS (GO 165 AND 174) NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REVIEWED IN THIS OFFICE ONLY AND NOT TAKEN FROM PUBLIC DESK. AZUSA CITY CLERK POSTED: MAY 18, 2017 Pro-Line Inspections, AN INFRARED ELECTRICAL PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE INSPECTION FOR Azusa Light and Power 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California Survey Date: April 7-10 and 14-17, 2014 Requested By: Dan Kjar 1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065 Telephone (805) 522-2992 * Fax(805) 522-3033 www.proline-ir.com 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Project Purpose and Scope 4 Electrical Maintenance Criteria & mV Drop Readings 5 Problem Severity Rating Protocol 6 Summary 7 Survey Data 8 List of Inspected Equipment 10 Harmonic Distortion—Cause and Effects (Appendix A) Hypothetical Fault Cycle (Appendix B) 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE INFRARED SURVEY Infrared inspections are an important form of non-destructive testing that have become an indispensable preventive/predictive maintenance tool. An infrared inspection is performed with a portable infrared imaging system. This equipment detects infrared energy (heat) emitted from an object and displays it as a dy- namic thermal image on a color monitor. The thermal image is displayed in 256 colors, each color representing a discrete increment of temperature. Temperatures are obtained directly from the unit and through the processing software. This equipment can sense object temperatures from —10oC (14oF) to 1500oC (2732oF)with a sensitivity of 0.1oC (0.2oF). When an area or a component with an unusual temperature is noted, digital images called thermograms are displayed on the monitor screen and are digitally recorded. These can later be analyzed and printed using analysis software. These thermograms, along with conventional digital photographs, are taken to document the problem areas. Together, they are presented in a complete report so that faulty components can be re- paired before they cause severe damage or injury due to failure. During the infrared inspection, faulty components might not be identified under the following conditions: a. components not under load during the inspection b. connections/contacts welded together as the result of a fault cycle problem c. line of sight view is obscured by other objects. After repairs are made, a follow-up survey is advised. Normally a complete survey should be performed once per year. 3 PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE On April 7-10, 2014, Pro-Line Inspections performed an infrared inspection for Azusa Light and Power, located in Azusa, California. The project included an electrical predictive maintenance inspection of the breaker panels, motor control centers, transformers and related electrical switchgear. The purpose was to locate electrical problems, which evidence themselves as overheating, so that repairs can be made prior to a power outage or equipment failure. All equipment on this list was inspected (unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those components exceeding these standards were documented in the "problem" section of this report. 4 ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE CRITERIA In this report, problems are given severity ratings to aid the customer in determining repair priorities. In assigning severity ratings, the primary criteria are component operating tem- peratures. These temperatures are compared to the IEEE/ANSI load-based standard, which give the maximum allowable temperature rise over ambient of various electrical com- ponents as a function of their load factor(actual load divided by component rating). Current measurements were obtained with true RMS-reading clamp-on meters. These load readings include both linear and any non-linear current (true RMS load), giving a load value that reflects the actual heating value of the current present. Any significant current distortion is noted and documented. In all cases, severity ratings are determined on the basis of the component, currents and temperatures measured at the time of the survey. Due to load variability these temperature and load measurements might not represent peak load values. For those components with load variability, a comparison of a component temperature with the corresponding IEEE/ ANSI load-based standard indicates the potential risk resulting from a load increase. Another essential consideration in determining maintenance priorities should be the im- portance of the function or process affected by the problem component. Equipment such as life-safety circuits and equipment, emergency power circuits, critical production and comput- er equipment, and critical alarm systems should be considered a high priority repair, regard- less of the temperature severity or rating. Finally, any problem deemed an imminent fire or safety hazard should be addressed imme- diately. MILLIVOLT DROP TESTING The mV drop reading of one component alone should not be used as an indicator of that component's condition. Millivolt drop readings are taken for a comparison between identical components only. They are used to verify the problems indicated by the infrared inspection. 5 PROBLEM SEVERITY RATING PROTOCOL The following ratings apply to connections, switch contacts, and other components as speci- fied in the IEEE/ANSI load-based standard. For other components, such as fuses, thermal overload relays, and transformer windings, operating temperatures are strictly compared to manufacturer's specifications to determine severity ratings. FOR COMPONENTS WITH VARIABLE LOADS %TEMP.RISE(Over IEEE/ANSI load-based standard): Monitor temp.at regular intervals 100-110% INCIPIENT Recommendation: Monitor for increased problem severity. 111-200% MODERATE Recommendation: Coned at next maintenance opportunity. 201-325% SERIOUS Recommendation: Corm at earliest opportunity. 326%+ CRITICAL Recommendation: Emergency repairs should be weighed against Powedprodudion interruption costs. PROBABLE IMMINENT FAILURE:Component problem is visible to the unaided eye and presents imminent property damage or personal injury if left uncorrected (e.g.arcing, extreme disaloretion,etc) Recommendation: Correct on emergency basis. FOR COMPONENTS IMTH STEADY LOADS %TEMP.RISE(Over IEEE/ANSI load-based standard) 1 - 100C INCIPIENT Recommendation: Monitor for increased problem everity. 11 - 200C MODERATE Recommendation: Correct at next maintenance opportunity. 21 -400C SERIOUS Recommendation: Conedateariiestopportunity. 410C (+) CRITICAL Recommendation: Emergency repairs should be weighed against power/produdion interruption costs. PROBABLE IMMINENT FAILURE:Component problem is visible to the unaided eye and presents imminent property damage or personal injury if left uncorrected. (e.g.air g, extreme discoloration,etc.) Recommendation: Correct on emergency basis. PLEASE NOTE These severity classifications are derived from marxifac ue's equipment ratings and Pro-Liie's more than 25 years experience in inspecting and monitoring electrical equipment.Due to the unpredictable nature of electrical equipment failure,these ratings should be used only as a guide and are not meant to predict the timing of component faiures. Ultimately,the cistorneristesponsble>fxtepaioecisions 6 SUMMARY The factors in establishing maintenance priority should be: (1) Severity of temperature rise (2) The importance and/or nature of the process/function involved. (3) The operating environment around the equipment location. *Based upon load cycle at time of inspection, 7 problems were found at the time of this inspection. They are listed below in order of their severity. See page 6 for more information regarding problem severity rating protocol. PROBLEM SEVERITY ITEM # ITEM & LOCATION *VARIABLE *STEADY 1 KPF Switch# PS33 contacts SERIOUS n/a Pole#4086MA 844 N.Vernon 2 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a Northeast Corner of 11th and Orange Pole#1782 MA 3 Faulty arrestor SERIOUS n/a Alley Between San Gabriel and Angeleno 2nd Pole South of 11th Street Pole#289762E 4 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a Alley Between Azusa and San Gabriel 3rd Pole South of 5 Pole Number is Missing, Behind LaTouteca 5 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a In Alley Behind Jack-In-The Box at 126 N Azusa Ave: Pole#4201 MA 6 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a Across the Street From 137 E. Russell Pole#4056MA 7 Transformer bushing connection SERIOUS n/a Behind 1028 W. Kirkwall Inspected From Transmission Easement 7 alk • • '-- voi Pro-Line Inspections, LLC ITEM NO: 1 DATE: April 7, 2014 TIME: 9:42 AM ITEM: LOCATION: KPF Switch #PS33 Pole#4086MA Top switch 844 N. Vernon . X 16. 4 . Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop Top 89.0 160.0 Center <1.0 <1.0 Bottom <1.0 <1.0 unable to obtain load readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty contacts CRITICAL under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Check contact integrity, repair or replace as needed. COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12kV 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 8 44 Pro-Linea 1 ons LLC — ITEM NO: 2 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 8:51 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestor Northeast Corner of 11th and Orange Center and Street Phases Pole#1782 MA ,*, 1 -::'-'''. I _.; r . 2.,.: ,-. l' '''' A' r A ,, `.;:„.„,:,,:.,....„...„, „„,„: . 2i.-4.."-'4'', imi.— .tio i" Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop North 2.0 4.0 Center 37.0 67.0 Street 37.0 67.0 unable to obtain load readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace arrestors COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12kV 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 9 — Pro-Line Inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 3 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 9:13 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestor Alley Between San Gabriel and Angeleno East and Center Phases 2nd Pole South of 11th Street Pole#289762E Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C 'F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop East 27.0 49.0 Center 10.0 18.0 West 10.0 18.0 * unable to obtain load readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty arrestor SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace arrestor COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12kV 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 10 Pro-Line Inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 4 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 9:50 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestor Alley Between Azusa and San Gabriel Center Phase 3rd Pole South of 5 Pole Number is Missing Behind LaTouteca 11111111111 111°,_ II: Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop East <1.0 <1.0 Center 46.0 83.0 West <1.0 <1.0 unable to obtain load readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty arrestor SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace arrestor COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12kV 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 11 4,74 pro-Line Inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 5 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 10:06 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestors In Alley Behind Jack-In-The Box at Center and West Phases 126 N Azusa Ave: Pole#4201 MA aeQc's.'%83ti S'. 7444, Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C 'F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop East <1.0 <1.0 Center 30.0 54.0 West 31.0 56.0 unable to obtain load readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace arrestors COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12kV 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 12 J • Pro-Line Inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 6 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 1:50 PM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestors Across the Street From 137 E. Russell Center and South Phases Pole#4056MA ,t•/ 464.1, 1 Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop North 1.0 2.0 Center 14.0 25.0 South 25.0 45.0 * unable to obtain load readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace arrestors COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12kV 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 13 — Pre-Line Inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 7 DATE: April 14 2014 TIME: 2:10 PM ITEM: LOCATION: Transformer Bank Pot South Behind 1028 W. Kirkwall B-Phase Bushing Inspected From Transmission Easement 1 Alit ii1411111111111111111111 d jikIty .hill, , b S Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop A <1.0 <1.0 B 20.0 36.0 C <1.0 <1.0 * based on IEEE/ANSI load-based readings PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty connection SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Disconnect clean and tighten down connection COMPONENT/SIZE RATING: 12Kv 60Hz CU Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 14 LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED for AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California April 7-10 and 14-17, 2014 Note: All equipment on this list was inspected (unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those ' components exceeding these standards were documented in the problem section of this report. PATROLLED 12-kV OVERHEAD POWER LINE CIRCUITS Inspected using infrared technology only Alameda Angelano Cerritos Coney Irwindale Pasadena Vernon Azusa Brewery Rock Vale Sierra Madre Owl Paramount Todd Am Forge Vincent Jackson Arrow Hilltop SUBSTATIONS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR AND EQUIPMENT Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology Azusa East Azusa West Kirkwall 15 Azusa Light and Power VAULTS Huntsaker Tract Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology VO136 not inspected VO023 not inspected VO308 not inspected VO141 not inspected VO285 not inspected V0309 not inspected VO310 not inspected VO311 VO312 not inspected VO314 not inspected VO315 VO316 VO317 VO318 VO320 VO321 VO322 VO323 VO325 cover had stripped screw and could not be opened VO326 not inspected VO327 not inspected VO137 not inspected Azusa Sub Get-A-Ways Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology PB0139 in Azusa sub PB0142 in field n/o Azusa sub PB0138 PB143 I/F/O/748 Angeleno PB0140 N/E corner of Azusa Yard Vault??? Foothill & Angeleno Vault??? I/F/O/605 N. Angeleno Vault??? 8th & Angeleno Intersection Vault for PS67 I/F/O 426 1st St. Vault 265 Outside Kirkwell Sub Vault 266 Across from 1035 Gladstone Vault 268 On Gladstone 100' east of Clydebank Vault 269 In st at Garcloch & Gladstone - E Libre Vault 270 150' west of Vernon on Gladstone in st. Pull box 271 Next to Vault 270 on sidewalk Pull box 45 Northeast corner of San Gabriel & Foothill Pull box 46 Light & water building parking lot 16 Azusa Light and Power AZUSA SUB 12-kV BREAKERS Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology Alameda Angeleno Cerriots Coney not inspected Irwindale Pasadena Vernon Azusa Brewery Rockvale Sierra Madre Owl Todd AM Forge Vincent Jackson Arrow Hilltop PME'S SWITCHES Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 328 17 Azusa Light and Power KIRKWELL SUB Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology 12kV enclosed cabinet feeders and/or bus: Rear Doors - Unit 1 12kV cap bank 1 - Unit 2 main 1 transformer 1 - Unit 3 12kV Vincent - Unit 4 12kV Jackson - Unit 5 12kV Gladstone - UNit 6 12kV Arrow - Unit 7 transfer breaker - Unit 8 auxiliary - Unit 9 main 2 transformer 2 - Capacitor bank Outdoor Equipment Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology - 67kV/12kV transformer T1 - 67kV/12kV transformer T2 z 18 APPENDIX A HARMONIC DISTORTION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS Although a complete power quality survey is beyond the scope of the normal infrared inspection, the load data for thermal problems during your survey will indicate whether harmonic distortion exists in the circuit supplying the defective component. Harmonics are currents of voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental power frequency. For example,if the fundamental frequency is 60 Hz,then the second harmonic is 120 Hz,the third is 180 Hz,etc. ' Harmonics are created by non-linear loads that draw current in abrupt pulses rather than in a smooth sinusoidal manner. These pulses cause distorted current wave shapes which in turn cause harmonic currents to flow back into other parts of the power system.2 The problem is evident when you look at the current or voltage waveform. Normal 60 cycle power appears on the oscilloscope as a near sine wave(see Figure 1).3 When harmonics are present, the waveform is distorted. These waves are described as non-sinusoidal(see Figure 2)." ----Peak Peak --- rms pu Average Figure 1 Figure 2 ' "In Tune With Power Harmonics," John Fluke Manufacturing Co.,Inc.,p.5. 2 Ibid. 3 David C.Griffith,"Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities, July/August 1993,p.58. ° Ibid. 19 Harmonic Distortion: Causes and Effects(continued) The voltage and current waveforms are no longer simply related;hence the term non-linear.5 The ratio of the peak current to the RMS current,called the crest factor,is also indicative of the power quality,as shown below. Peak Current rms Current Crest Factor = Form Factor= rms Current Average Current Crest Factor for Sine Wave = 1.41 for Typical Non-Linear Load =2 to 3 Form Factor for Sine Wave = 1.1 for Typical Non-Linear Load = 1.5 to 5 The following are typical non-linear loads which cause harmonic distortion: • Computers,especially PCs • Computer Terminals and Work Stations • Computer Peripherals and Modems • Word Processors • Copy Machines • Facsimile • Teletype • Telephone PBX • Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners • Adjustble Speed Drives • Rectifiers • Fluorescent Lights(including electronic ballasts) • Arc Fumaces6 Current distortion can cause these problems: • Improper calibration of overload devices and meters • Low power factor resulting in possible surcharge • Reduced electrical system capacity • Excess neutral current-three-phase,four-wire systems • Overheating and failure of components,transformers and circuits • Overvoltage of system components-ASD and PF capacitors • Voltage distortion' 51n Tune With Power Harmonics," John Fluke Manufacturing Co.,Inc.,p.5 6 David C. Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities, July/August 1993,p.55 Ibid.,p.59 20 Harmonic Distortion: Causes and Effects(continued) The effects of voltage distortion can be: • Metering and relaying errors. • Unnecessary computer shutdown. • Reduced power interruption tolerances. • Increased heating-motors,transformers,and switchgear. • Timing errors-multiple zero crossings.8 Although harmonics are not always the primary cause of thermal problems, the effect of harmonic distortion should always be considered when correcting thermal problems found from the infrared inspection. If the customer does not have sufficient electrical training, an electrical consultant knowledgeable in harmonics should be called in to properly analyze the power quality and effect the proper solution. 8 David C.Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems" AIPE Facilities, July/August 1993,p.55 21 APPENDIX B A HYPOTHETICAL FAULT CYCLE Id m c •s � '� V ima c o ma woo = a• ° ocw• L o m flv 1tH1e ov ooo0. c %. O iu E c I m 1 m � A .0 `mii --. co E 1 N l'' 2 E• y , • • m '.. .ffi ' , 0-' ,'' 1 4, / `a Ili/ `---E! ' ,q TIME The birth of a hot spot is shown at point'A." This hot spot can progress in a number of ways. 1)It can fail in a matter of hours after birth;2)It can follow the simulated pattern as shown in the graph and fail at any point or go on indefinitely. The one thing to keep in mind is that it will never cure itself. It will eventually FAIL Industry Tested For Reliability Temperature vs Deterioration Tests by the Electric Power Institute and An investigation of hundreds of connectors by utilities have firmly established the has shown that many with small reliability of infrared instruments for temperature rises(5-10 degrees C.) above locating hot spots due to faults or defects ambient were seriously deteriorated and on lines or in substations. The tests were others with temperatures of 100 degrees C made on full-scale components, with or more had very little deterioration and spacing and elevation as in actual vice versa. The reasons for this paradox is distribution systems. These components that excessive heating over an extended were energized with 30 volts A.C. to period causes connections to arc and bum permit direct attachment of thermo- to the point where severe deterioration couples to monitor the temperature, takes place. Arcing causes the connector which were measured with an accuracy to weld to the conductor, which forms a of +1- 1 degree C. Currents in some low resistance path for current flow. As a cases were adjusted to as high as 200% result, heating of the components drops of rated values, and both good and and may even cease entirely for a time. defective connections were maintained. These unintentional welds are generally Results of the tests definitely proved that poor ones and are easily broken by infrared instruments can detect hot spots mechanical stress, high load or fault which might occur in conductors, splices, currents. Once such a weld separates, connectors, distribution transformers, heating and arcing takes place again until substation components, etc., regardless the connector re-welds to the conductor. of load. Meanwhile, disintegration continues and, if not detected by inspection, the equipment will eventually fail. Conclusion: Temperature alone can mislead! The functional importance of a component to your total system should always be considered. In addition,the use of a load-based temperature standard such as IEEE/ANSI standard provides a more accurate basis for assigning severity ratings to problems. 11 22 Pro-Line Ie L • AN INFRARED ELECTRICAL PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE INSPECTION FOR Azusa Light and Power 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California Survey Date: March 23-26, 2015 Requested By: Dan Kjar 1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065 Telephone (805)522-2992 * Fax(805)522-3033 www.prolineinspections.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Project Purpose and Scope 4 Electrical Maintenance Criteria & mV Drop Readings 5 Problem Severity Rating Protocol 6 Summary 7 Survey Data 8 List of Inspected Equipment 16 Harmonic Distortion—Cause and Effects (Appendix A) Hypothetical Fault Cycle (Appendix B) 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE INFRARED SURVEY Infrared inspections are an important form of non-destructive testing that have become an indispen- sable preventive/predictive maintenance tool. An infrared inspection is performed with a portable infrared imaging system. This equipment detects infrared energy (heat) emitted from an object and displays it as a dynamic thermal image on a color monitor. The thermal image is displayed in 256 colors, each color representing a discrete increment of temperature. Temperatures are obtained directly from the unit and through the processing software. This equipment can sense object temperatures from —10°C (14°F) to 1500°C (2732°F) with a sensitivity of 0.1°C (0.2°F). When an area or a component with an unusual temperature is noted, digital images called thermograms are displayed on the monitor screen and are digitally recorded. These can later be an- alyzed and printed using analysis software. These thermograms, along with conventional digital photographs, are taken to document the problem areas. Together, they are presented in a com- plete report so that faulty components can be repaired before they cause severe damage or injury due to failure. During the infrared inspection, faulty components might not be identified under the following conditions: a. components not under load during the inspection b. connections/contacts welded together as the result of a fault cycle problem c. line of sight view is obscured by other objects. After repairs are made, a follow-up survey is advised. Normally a complete survey should be performed once per year. 3 PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE On March 23-26, 2015, Pro-Line Inspections performed an infrared inspection for Azusa Light and Power, located in Azusa, California. The project included an electrical predictive maintenance inspection of the breaker panels, motor control centers, transformers and related electrical switchgear. The purpose was to locate electrical problems, which evidence themselves as overheating, so that repairs can be made prior to a power outage or equipment failure. All equipment on this list was inspected (unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those components exceeding these standards were documented in the "problem" section of this report. 4 ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE CRITERIA In this report, problems are given severity ratings to aid the customer in determining repair priorities. In assigning severity ratings, the primary criteria are component operating temperatures. These temperatures are compared to the IEEE/ANSI load-based standard, which give the maximum allowable temperature rise over ambient of various electrical components as a function of their load factor (actual load divided by component rating). Current measurements were obtained with true RMS-reading clamp-on meters. These load readings include both linear and any non-linear current (true RMS load), giving a load value that reflects the actual heating value of the current present. Any significant current distortion is noted and documented. In all cases, severity ratings are determined on the basis of the component currents and temperatures measured at the time of the survey. Due to load variability these temperature and load measurements might not represent peak load values. For those components with load variability, a comparison of a component temperature with the corresponding IEEE/ANSI load-based standard indicates the potential risk resulting from a load increase. Another essential consideration in determining maintenance priorities should be the importance of the function or process affected by the problem component. Equipment such as life-safety circuits and equipment, emergency power circuits, critical production and computer equipment, and critical alarm systems should be considered a high priority repair, regardless of the temperature severity or rating. Finally, any problem deemed an imminent fire or safety hazard should be addressed immediately. MILLIVOLT DROP TESTING The mV drop reading of one component alone should not be used as an indicator of that component's condition. Millivolt drop readings are taken for a comparison between identical components only. They are used to verify the problems indicated by the infrared inspection. 5 PROBLEM SEVERITY RATING PROTOCOL The following ratings apply to connections,switch contacts,and other components as specified in the IEEE/ANSI bad -based standard For other components,such as fuses,thermal overload relays,and transformer windings,operating temperatures are strictly compared to manufacturer's specifications to determine severity ratings. FOR COMPONENTS IMTH VARIABLE LOADS %TEMP.RISE(Over IEEE/ANSI load-based standard): Monitor temp.at regular intervals 100-110% INCIPIENT Recommendation: Monitor for increased problem severity. 111- 200% MODERATE Recommendation: Correct at next maintenance opportunity. 201- 325% SERIOUS Recommendation: Correct at earliest opportunity. 326%+ CRITICAL Recommendation: Emergency repairs should be weighed against Power/production interruption costs. PROBABLE IMMINENT FAILURE:Component problem is visible to the unaided eye and presents imminent property damage or personal iryury if left unconec ed. (e.g.arcing,extreme a soloraban,etc.) Recommendation: Correct on emergency basis. FOR COMPONENTS WITH STEADY LOADS %TEMP.RISE(Over IEEE/ANSI load-based standard) 1 - 10°C INCIPIENT Recommendation: Monitor for increased problem everity. 11 - 20°C MODERATE Recommendation: Correct at next maintenance opportunity. 21 - 40°C SERIOUS Recommendation: Correct at earliest opportunity. 41°C (+) CRITICAL Recommendation: Emergency repairs should be weighed against power/production interruption costs. PROBABLE IMMINENT FAILURE: Component problem is visible to the unaided eye and presents imminent property damage or petsonal injury if left uncorrected. (e.g.arcing, extreme discolb►ation, etc.) Recommendation: Correct on emergency basis. PLEASE NOTE These severity dassifications are derived from manufacturer's equipment ratings and Pro-Line's nue than 35 years experience in iispeding and monitoring electrical equipment.Due to the unprecictable nature of elediical equipment failure,these ratings should be used only as a guide and are not meant to predict the lining of component faiues.tJ6mately,the customer is►esponsble fix weir dedsions. 6 SUMMARY The factors in establishing maintenance priority should be: (1) Severity of temperature rise (2) The importance and/or nature of the process/function involved. (3) The operating environment around the equipment location. *Based upon load cycle at time of inspection 8 problems were found at the time of this inspection. They are listed below in order of their severity. See page 6 for more information regarding problem severity rating protocol. PROBLEM SEVERITY ITEM # ITEM & LOCATION VARIABLE STEADY REPAIRED 1 Breaker bolt connections SERIOUS n/a Azusa Substation Operating Bus 2 Tie switch contacts & connections SERIOUS n/a Azusa Substation Above SCE #1 Bank Azusa to SCE Bus Tie Switch 3 Lighting arrestors SERIOUS n/a Alley Between San Gabriel and Angelino South of 11th Street Riser Pole#289762E 4 Lighting arrestors SERIOUS n/a Capacitor Bank 9 SW Corner of Azusa and 10th Street 5 Lighting arrestors SERIOUS n/a Alley West of San Gabriel 1st Pole North of 12th Street Pole#4650399E 6 Lighting arrestors SERIOUS n/a On Hilltop and Sierra Madre Pole#4263 MA 7 Lighting arrestors SERIOUS n/a On Citrus South if Armstead Riser Pole#3155MA 8 Lighting arrestors SERIOUS n/a Zacatecas Park West of Baseball Field Riser Pole#5296MA 7 1Piro-Line inspections, LLC ITEM NO: 1 DATE: March 23, 2015 TIME: 8:56 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Todd Breaker Azusa Substation A&CO Operating Bus -O,- h x- 11,01%111 -iii' ,.,41110"1 .., :-"' 4 4igirii4' _ ' "kV ,,, k 4+ * A ' r8 , r,„„.- jam -: � !i►/E iii. Phase! Temp. Rise 0!A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop A 17.0 31.0 B 4.0 7.0 C 16.0 29.0 *could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty bolt connections (2)at bus SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Disconnect, clean and tighten down connections 12kV Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 8 — `' Pro-Line inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 2 DATE: March 23, 2015 TIME: 8:56 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Azusa to SCE Bus Tie Switch Azusa Substation CO Above SCE#1 Bank IV _ Ir 1p it ..0 .. , 4. ..4.. , te4.1,40, 4.............,... _, .........,..� , sir, s.+®*+ `O 44. S Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop A 8.0 13.0 B 9.0 16.0 C 21.0 38.0 `could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty bolt connection plates (8)and contacts SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Disconnect, clean and tighten down connections Check contact integrity, repair or replace as needed 12kV Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 9 — * Piro-Line Inspections, LLC — ITEM NO: 3 DATE: March 31, 2015 TIME: 8:06 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestor Alley Between San Gabriel and Angelino Center South of 11th Street Riser Pole#289762E ra_. ,,a fm Fa IF , ilir OWApassio ' r '� kii / , A Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp. Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop East <1.0 <1.0 Center 16.0 29.0 West <1.0 <.10 *could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty lighting arrestor SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace arrestor 12kV Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 10 iiii`I< Pro-Line Inspections, LLC .. ITEM NO: 4 DATE: March 31, 2015 TIME: 8:22 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestor Capacitor Bank 9 SW Corner of Azusa South and Center And 10th Street 1 , +� '1aEly�[ 'F. ... rl 4,,_,_ N„ _.- . .,„..::,,„;,,,,,__ ,...__Low, _ _L ,-,,,. ,,,,4 ,-2,,,,,t-,01„- v :41 _ __,Iiiii_______:—.7._:„_:_:._L:__21.„..:A .,..:...L. .,,,,, , _ -iv ,itr,.„,::00_ ,,, , - -t-•... . ,.,,, ,. .,- .,:,,, ._..... .;;;,‘- _. 7 , ,,1 : , .....-: ; „ 7::,.. -.,..400 l t a, :; fix->.K Phase/ Tema. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop South 24.0 43.0 Center 31.0 56.0 North <1.0 <1.0 *could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty lighting arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace lighting arrestors COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: 12kV Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 11 `FC Pro-Line Inspections, LLC ITEM NO: 5 DATE: March 31, 2015 TIME: 8:42 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestors Alley West of San Gabriel East and West 1st Pole North of 12th Street Pole#4650399E av it- :1 " 4i I q r rio„, ® r Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp. Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop East 18.0 32.0 Center <1.0 <1.0 West 18.0 32.0 'could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty lighting arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace lighting arrestors 12kV Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 12 * Pro-Line Inspections, LLC ITEM NO: 6 DATE: March 31, 2015 TIME: 9:00 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestors On Hilltop and Sierra Madre East and West Pole#4263MA Ilk - .it J \I kil;lifr „ w a yr lik... .il11 w� -1, Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp. Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop A 17.0 31.0 B <1.0 <1.0 C 17.0 31.0 `could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty lighting arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load COMPONENT SIZE/ RATING: RECOMMENDATION: 12kV Replace lighting arrestors Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 13 44 Pro-Lire Inspections, LLC _ ma ITEM NO: 7 DATE: March 31, 2015 TIME: 9:53 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestors On Citrus South if Armstead AII9 Riser Pole#3155MA NI :v...':161.;*4: 4_ / isr iiPt IOWKs- „0 V ...„ ki f Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp. Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop A 16.0 29.0 B 16.0 29.0 C 15.0 27.0 *could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty lighting arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace lighting arrestors 12kV Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 14 -- 'f< Pro-Line Inspections, LLC ITEM NO: 8 DATE: March 31, 2015 TIME: 10:25 AM ITEM: LOCATION: Lighting Arrestors Zacatecas Park East and West West of Baseball Field Riser Pole#5296MA F411k1W 11111P, ii IArr 4( NNI 41111,. /.T, 4f i plp, '411* ,2i Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop East 19.0 34.0 Center 2.0 4.0 West 16.0 29.0 *could not retrieve any data except for temperatures on this type of equipment PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: Faulty lighting arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load RECOMMENDATION: Replace lighting arrestors COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: 12Kv Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 15 LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED for AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California March 23-26, 2015 Note: All equipment on this list was inspected (unless otherwise noted),and temperatures were compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those components exceeding these standards were documented in the problem section of this report. SUBSTATIONS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR AND EQUIPMENT Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology Azusa East Azusa West Kirkwall VAULTS Huntsaker Tract Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology VO136 VO023 V0308 not inspected V0285 V0309 not inspected V0310 VO311 V0312 V0314 V0315 V0316 V0317 VO318 V0320 VO321 leaking bushing VO322 VO323 V0325 V0326 V0327 16 Azusa Light and Power Azusa Sub Get-A-Ways Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology PB0139 in Azusa sub PB0142 in field n/o Azusa sub Vault 247 Ninth Street 100' East of Angeleno PB143 Angeleno and Plum Tree PB0140 N/E corner of Azusa Yard Vault??? Foothill & Angeleno Vault??? I/F/O/605 N. Angeleno Vault??? In frint of Azusa Yard 748 Angeleno Vault for PS67 I/F/O 426 1st St. Vault 265 Outside Kirkwell Sub Vault 266 Across from 1035 Gladstone Vault 268 On Gladstone 100' east of Clydebank Vault 269 In st at Garcloch & Gladstone - E Libre Vault 270 150' west of Vernon on Gladstone in st. Pull box 271 Next to Vault 270 on sidewalk Pull box 45 Northeast corner of San Gabriel & Foothill in bushes, west of CVS Pull box 580 Light & water building parking lot, Northwest corner of CVS AZUSA SUB 12-kV BREAKERS Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology Alameda Angeleno Cerriots Coney Irwindale Pasadena Vernon Azusa Brewery Rockvale Sierra Madre Owl Todd AM Forge Vincent Jackson Arrow Hilltop 17 Azusa Light and Power PME'S SWITCHES Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 no access, unable to inspect 322 323 324 325 326 328 KIRKWELL SUB Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology 12kV enclosed cabinet feeders and/or bus: Rear Doors - Unit 1 12kV cap bank 1 - Unit 2 main 1 transformer 1 - Unit 3 12kV Vincent - Unit 4 12kV Jackson - Unit 5 12kV Gladstone - UNit 6 12kV Arrow - Unit 7 transfer breaker - Unit 8 auxiliary - Unit 9 main 2 transformer 2 - Capacitor bank 18 Azusa Light and Power Outdoor Equipment Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology - 67kV/12kV transformer T1 - 67kV/12kV transformer T2 19 APPENDIX A HARMONIC DISTORTION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS Although a complete power quality survey is beyond the scope of the normal infrared inspection, the load data for thermal problems during your survey will indicate whether harmonic distortion exists in the circuit supplying the defective component. Harmonics are currents of voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental power frequency. For example, if the fundamental frequency is 60 Hz,then the second harmonic is 120 Hz,the third is 180 Hz, etc. ' Harmonics are created by non-linear loads that draw current in abrupt pulses rather than in a smooth sinusoidal manner. These pulses cause distorted current wave shapes which in turn cause harmonic currents to flow back into other parts of the power system.2 The problem is evident when you look at the current or voltage waveform. Normal 60 cycle power appears on the oscilloscope as a near sine wave(see Figure 1).3 When harmonics are present, the waveform is distorted. These waves are described as non-sinusoidal(see Figure 2).4 Peak ------- Peak AAV:e 1111 Average 1 Figure 1 Figure 2 ' "In Tune With Power Harmonics," John Fluke Manufacturing Co., Inc., p. 5. 2 Ibid. 3 David C. Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities, July/August 1993, p.58. Ibid. 20 Harmonic Distortion: Causes and Effects(continued) The voltage and current waveforms are no longer simply related; hence the term non-linear.5 The ratio of the peak current to the RMS current, called the crest factor, is also indicative of the power quality,as shown below. Peak Current rms Current Crest Factor = Form Factor= mis Current Average Current Crest Factor for Sine Wave = 1.41 for Typical Non-Linear Load = 2 to 3 Form Factor for Sine Wave = 1.1 for Typical Non-Linear Load = 1.5 to 5 The following are typical non-linear loads which cause harmonic distortion: • Computers, especially PCs • Computer Terminals and Work Stations • Computer Peripherals and Modems • Word Processors • Copy Machines • Facsimile • Teletype • Telephone PBX • Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners • Adjustble Speed Drives • Rectifiers • Fluorescent Lights(including electronic ballasts) • Arc Fumaces8 Current distortion can cause these problems: • Improper calibration of overload devices and meters • Low power factor resulting in possible surcharge • Reduced electrical system capacity • Excess neutral current-three-phase,four-wire systems • Overheating and failure of components,transformers and circuits • Overvoltage of system components-ASD and PF capacitors • Voltage distortion' 5"In Tune With Power Harmonics," John Fluke Manufacturing Co., Inc., p. 5 6 David C. Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities, July/August 1993,p.55 • Ibid., p. 59 21 Harmonic Distortion: Causes and Effects(continued) The effects of voltage distortion can be: • Metering and relaying errors. • Unnecessary computer shutdown. • Reduced power interruption tolerances. • Increased heating-motors,transformers,and switchgear. • Timing errors-multiple zero crossings.8 Although harmonics are not always the primary cause of thermal problems, the effect of harmonic distortion should always be considered when correcting thermal problems found from the infrared inspection. If the customer does not have sufficient electrical training, an electrical consultant knowledgeable in harmonics should be called in to properly analyze the power quality and effect the proper solution. 8 David C. Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities, July/August 1993,p.55 22 APPENDIX B A HYPOTHETICAL FAULT CYCLE b 0 C i 1 21 A t 1 0 n W.e iI dii .0 f11Ih pCr b ,0�'�1 3 r C ." �p • LL ii y� W G ' `, iii .''/ F% W Y O , / 1 t0 0 e 1� I) a 13• �' j A .s P IR .0 � ' v :ffi _or J, -- / , ,''A it A ) TIME The birth of a hot spot is shown at point"A." This hot spot can progress in a number of ways. 1) It can fail in a matter of hours after birth;2)It can follow the simulated pattern as shown in the graph and fail at any point or go on indefinitely. The one thing to keep in mind is that it will never cure itself. It will eventually FAIL Industry Tested For Reliability Temperature vs Deterioration Tests by the Electric Power Institute and An investigation of hundreds of connectors by utilities have firmly established the has shown that many with small reliability of infrared instruments for temperature rises (5-10 degrees C.) above locating hot spots due to faults or defects ambient were seriously deteriorated and on lines or in substations. The tests were others with temperatures of 100 degrees C made on full-scale components, with or more had very little deterioration and spacing and elevation as in actual vice versa. The reasons for this paradox is distribution systems. These components that excessive heating over an extended were energized with 30 volts A.C. to period causes connections to arc and bum permit direct attachment of thermo- to the point where severe deterioration couples to monitor the temperature, takes place. Arcing causes the connector which were measured with an accuracy to weld to the conductor, which forms a of +/- 1 degree C. Currents in some low resistance path for current flow. As a cases were adjusted to as high as 200% result, heating of the components drops of rated values, and both good and and may even cease entirely for a time. defective connections were maintained. These unintentional welds are generally Results of the tests definitely proved that poor ones and are easily broken by infrared instruments can detect hot spots mechanical stress, high load or fault which might occur in conductors, splices, currents. Once such a weld separates, connectors, distribution transformers, heating and arcing takes place again until substation components, etc., regardless the connector re-welds to the conductor. of load. Meanwhile, disintegration continues and, if not detected by inspection, the equipment will eventually fail. Conclusion: Temperature alone can mislead! The functional importance of a component to your total system should always be considered. In addition,the use of a load-based temperature standard such as IEEE/ANSI standard provides a more accurate basis for assigning severity ratings to problems. 23 Pro-Line Inspections, AN ULTRASOUND HIGH-VOLTAGE CORONA DETECTION INSPECTION FOR Azusa Light and Power 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California Survey Date: March 30-April 2, 2015 Requested By: Dan Kjar 1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065 Telephone (805)522-2992 * Fax(805) 522-3033 www.prolineinspections.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Project Purpose and Scope & Methodology 4 Findings and Recommendations 5 Data Information 6 List of Inspected Equipment 9 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE ULTRASOUND INSPECTION Airborne ultrasound inspections detect three basic types of electrical problems: Arcing: An Arc occurs when electricity flows through space, e.g. lightening. Corona: This problem occurs through damaged insulation material, when a high or medium voltage conductors begin to ionize the air, forming ozone (03). The ozone will conduct current and may form a direct path to ground causing a catastrophic failure, especially in enclosed switchgear. Ozone also combines with moisture to form nitrogen oxides, which attack organic in- sulating materials and corrode metal components causing possible thermal problems. Tracking: Often referred to as "Baby arcing"tracking follows the path of damaged or dirty in- sulation across component surfaces. These conditions occur most often in medium to high volt- age equipment(2kV or greater). All forms of arcing affect the quality of power. Arcing through air and through bulk insulation destroys electrical power equipment. Damage can occur,requiring hours, even days to repair. An arc or corona discharge emits ultrasound at the problem site. This electrical discharge can be located by scanning the area with an ultrasound detection system. This system takes ultrasound waves, which cannot be detected by the human ear, and modulates the frequency so that they can be heard. Normally, electrical equipment should be either silent or emit a steady humming sound. Destructive electrical corona is characterized by an intermittent sizzling sound, while nui- sance corona emits a continuous steady buzzing sound. When an area or component with suspected electrical corona is found, the following information is recorded to develop a baseline: 1. Location 2. Equipment Type 3. Ultrasound Module Type Used 4. Sensitivity Level Setting 5. Db Meter Reading 6. Temperature 7. Relative Humidity In addition, a digital sample recording of the emitted ultrasound is also taken for computerized spectral analysis. A digital photograph of the suspected problem equipment is also taken, if immediate repairs are not warranted, nor possible, additional readings and recordings are taken on successive inspec- tions and compared to the baseline data so that a trend can then be identified to help with mainte- nance planning. 3 PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE On March 30-April 2, 2015, Pro-Line Inspections performed an ultrasound inspection for Azusa Light and Power, located in Azusa, California. The purpose of this inspection was to locate potentially harmful corona arcing and tracking and to document the variables used to ascertain its severity. SURVEY METHODOLOGY When an ultrasound anomaly is detected, a digital recording is made for further analysis. A spectral analysis, called a spectrum is used to analyze the frequency vs. amplitude characteristics of each emitted ultrasound recording. In this manner, the type of problem and its severity can be determined. A complete list of all components covered by this survey are contained in the "List of Inspected Equipment." This report presents the findings and documentation from this infrared survey. 4 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A digital recording was obtained for one detected area of concern. Spectral analyses of this recording was performed to determine the source, cause and severity of the emitted ultrasound. ITEM 1: Kirkwell Sub Unit 8 Auxiliary Cabinet B-Phase Cable in Insulator Cups PROBABLE CAUSE: Spectral analysis indicates severe tracking problem. RECOMMENDATION: Clean and vacuum dust from all insulators and insulated surfaces. Visually inspect for insulation/insulator damage; such as cracks, thinning, etc. And for traces of a corona problem (white nitric oxide powder) Repair or replace as needed. Re-inspect after corrections are made. 5 ITEM #1 Kirkwell Sub Unit 8 Auxiliary Cabinet B-Phase Cable in Insulator Cups 6 AMP o tn S O ®., f e i N L. W) 1 1 a► N - J = r M O N S I O N s� O h N co I I N o �� O O r S a.� 0 0 O O 0 O 0 O O C n� o a o a n m m 080 aPrIPAIWa Pro-Line Inspections, LLNO: 1 DATE: March 23, 2015 LOCATION: ITEM: Kirkwell Sub B-Phase Cable in Insulator Cups Unit 8 Auxiliary Cabinet Air Temperature: 64°F .z ' Humidity: 59 UE Gain: 10 Frequency Band: Fixed Meter Mode: Lin Module Selection: Airborne Scanner Phase A Phase B Phase C Amps Volts — 50 n/a 12kV PROBABLE CAUSE: Spectral analysis indicates severe tracking problem. RECOMMENDATION: Clean and vacuum dust from all insulators and insulated surfaces. Visually inspect for insulation/insulator damage; such as cracks, thinning, etc. And for traces of a corona problem (white nitric oxide powder) Repair or replace as needed. Re-inspect after corrections are made. Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 8 LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED for AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California March 30-April 2, 2015 Note: All equipment on this list was inspected (unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those components exceeding these standards were documented in the problem section of this report. PATROLLED 12-kV OVERHEAD POWER LINE CIRCUITS Inspected using infrared technology only Alameda Angelano Cerritos Coney Irwindale Pasadena Vernon Azusa Brewery Rock Vale Sierra Madre Owl Paramount Todd Am Forge Vincent Jackson Arrow Hilltop 9 * Pro.Line Inspections , Inc AN ULTRASOUND HIGH-VOLTAGE CORONA DETECTION INSPECTION FOR Azusa Light and Power 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California Survey Date: March 14-17, 2016 Requested By: Dan Kjar 1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065 Telephone (805) 522-2992 * Fax (805) 522-3033 www.proline-ir.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Project Purpose and Scope & Methodology 4 Findings and Recommendations 5 Data Information 6 List of Inspected Equipment 9 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE ULTRASOUND INSPECTION Airborne ultrasound inspections detect three basic types of electrical problems: Arcing: An Arc occurs when electricity flows through space, e.g. lightening. Corona: This problem occurs through damaged insulation material, when a high or medium voltage conductors begin to ionize the air,forming ozone (03). The ozone will conduct current and may form a direct path to ground causing a catastrophic failure, especially in enclosed switchgear. Ozone also combines with moisture to form nitrogen oxides, which attack organic in- sulating materials and corrode metal components causing possible thermal problems. Tracking: Often referred to as "Baby arcing"tracking follows the path of damaged or dirty in- sulation across component surfaces. These conditions occur most often in medium to high volt- age equipment (2kV or greater). All forms of arcing affect the quality of power. Arcing through air and through bulk insulation destroys electrical power equipment. Damage can occur requiring hours, even days to repair. An arc or corona discharge emits ultrasound at the problem site. This electrical discharge can be located by scanning the area with an ultrasound detection system. This system takes ultrasound waves, which cannot be detected by the human ear, and modulates the frequency so that they can be heard. Normally, electrical equipment should be either silent or emit a steady humming sound. Destructive electrical corona is characterized by an intermittent sizzling sound, while nui- sance corona emits a continuous steady buzzing sound. When an area or component with suspected electrical corona is found, the following information is recorded to develop a baseline: 1. Location 2. Equipment Type 3. Ultrasound Module Type Used 4. Sensitivity Level Setting 5. Db Meter Reading 6. Temperature 7. Relative Humidity In addition, a digital sample recording of the emitted ultrasound is also taken for computerized spectral analysis. A digital photograph of the suspected problem equipment is also taken, if immediate repairs are not warranted, nor possible, additional readings and recordings are taken on successive inspec- tions and compared to the baseline data so that a trend can then be identified to help with mainte- nance planning. 3 PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE On March 14-17, 2014, Pro-Line Inspections performed an ultrasound Inspection for Azusa Light and Power, located in Azusa, California. The purpose of this inspection was to locate potentially harmful corona arcing and tracking and to document the variables used to ascertain its severity. SURVEY METHODOLOGY When an ultrasound anomaly is detected, a digital recording is made for further analysis. A spectral analysis, called a spectrum is used to analyze the frequency vs. amplitude characteristics of each emitted ultrasound recording. In this manner, the type of problem and its severity can be determined. A complete list of all components covered by this survey are contained in the "List of Inspected Equipment." This report presents the findings and documentation from this infrared survey. 4 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A digital recording was obtained for one detected area of concern. Spectral analysis of this recording was performed to determine the source, cause and severity of the emitted ultrasound. ITEM 1: Kirkwell Substation Unit 3, 12kV Vincent Breaker Bottom of Breaker, Front Cabinet PROBABLE CAUSE: Spectral analysis indicates possible arcing at breaker or switch contacts that controls The heater strip, or moisture on the heater strip. RECOMMENDATION: Clean and vacuum dust from all insulators and insulated surfaces. Visually inspect for insulation/insulator damage; such as cracks, thinning, etc., and traces of white powder (Nitric Oxide), which indicates corona problem. Repair and/or replace as needed. Re-inspect after corrections are made. 5 ITEM #1 Kirkwell Substation Unit 3 12kV Vincent Breaker Bottom of Breaker, Front Cabinet 6 Left Channel Kirkwall Sub.-Unit 3-12kV Vincent Breaker Printed By:SpectraPLUS-SC Professional Sound Card Edition Sampling Rate:44100 Cabinet Front - Bottom of Breaker Licensed To:Frank !FFT size:8192 Wed Mar 30 12:10:19 2016 Averaging:4 Window:Henning Left -60.0 .65.0 -70.0 -75.0 48C r 1 ill 4 360 30 Hz • #1111\,,Lili -50.0 I I h 1-65.0 i 64 r z Itilil Ilf'1417114 , 4111i1 Ililli ! , I -90.0 ilt,S I A -95.0 -100.0 -105.0 -110.0 - - 100 200 300 400 500 Frequency(Hz) 444 p Pro-Line Inspections , Inc ITEM NO: 1 DATE: March 14, 2016 LOCATION: ITEM: Kirkwell Substation Unit 3 12kV Vincent Breaker Bottom of Breaker Front Cabinet Air Temperature: 73°F Relative Humidity: 54/o '�'SFr' epi 6�' � i .�. R.-t. UE Gain: 10 Frequency Band: Fixed la��d�� .. Meter Mode: Lin Module Selection: Air-born - ` Scanner Phase A Phase B Phase C Amps Volts 100 100 100 n/a 12kV PROBABLE CAUSE: Spectral analysis indicates possible arcing at breaker or switch contacts that controls the heater strip, or moisture on the heater strip. RECOMMENDATION: Clean and vacuum dust from all insulators and insulated surfaces. Visually inspect for insulation/insulator damage; such as cracks, thinning, etc., and traces of white powder(Nitric Oxide), which indicates corona problem. Repair and/or replace as needed. Re-inspect after corrections are made. Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 8 4.14 Pro-Line Inspections , Inc LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED for an ULTRASOUND HIGH-VOLTAGE CORONA DETECTION INSPECTION for Azusa Light and Power 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California March 14-17, 2016 SUBSTATIONS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR AND EQUIPMENT Azusa East Azusa West Kirkwall VAULTS Huntsaker Tract Not inspected in 2016 V0136 V0023 V0308 not inspected V0285 V0309 not inspected V0310 V0311 V0312 V0314 V0315 V0316 V0317 VO318 V0320 V0321 leaking bushing V0322 V0323 V0325 V0326 V0327 9 Azusa Light and Power AZUSA SUB GET-A-WAYS PB0139 in Azusa sub PB0142 in field n/o Azusa sub Vault 247 Ninth Street 100' East of Angeleno PB143 Angeleno and Plum Tree PB0140 N/E corner of Azusa Yard Vault??? Foothill & Angeleno Vault??? I/F/O/605 N. Angeleno Vault??? In front of Azusa Yard 748 Angeleno Vault for PS67 I/F/O 426 1st St. Vault 265 Outside Kirkwall Sub Vault 266 Across from 1035 Gladstone Vault 268 On Gladstone 100' east of Clydebank Vault 269 In st at Garcloch & Gladstone - E Libre Vault 270 150' west of Vernon on Gladstone in st. Pull box 271 Next to Vault 270 on sidewalk Pull box 45 NE corner of San Gabriel & Foothill in bushes, west of CVS Pull box 580 Light & water building parking lot, Northwest corner of CVS AZUSA SUB 12-kV BREAKERS Alameda Angeleno Cerriots Coney Irwindale Pasadena Vernon Azusa Brewery Rockvale Sierra Madre Owl Todd AM Forge Vincent Jackson Arrow Hilltop io Azusa Light and Power PME'S SWITCHES Bolded ones were the ones inspected 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 328 KIRKWELL SUB 12kV enclosed cabinet feeders and/or bus: Rear Doors - Unit 1 12kV cap bank 1 - Unit 2 main 1 transformer 1 - Unit 3 12kV Vincent - Unit 4 12kV Jackson - Unit 5 12kV Gladstone - Unit 6 12kV Arrow - Unit 7 transfer breaker - Unit 8 auxiliary - Unit 9 main 2 transformer 2 - Capacitor bank 11 Azusa Light and Power Outdoor Equipment - 67kV/12kV transformer T1 - 67kV/12kV transformer T2 12 ProLine Inspections, Inc ITEM NO: 1 DATE: March 14. 2016 LOCATION: ITEM: Kirkwell Substation Unit 3 12kV Vincent Breaker Bottom of Breaker Front Cabinet Air Temperature: 73cF I Relative Humidity: 54% • UE Gain: 10 t • Frequency Band: Fixed Meter Mode: Lin Module Selection: Air-born Scanner Phase A Phase B Phase C Amps Volts 100 100 100 n/a 12kV PROBABLE CAUSE: Spectral analysis indicates possible arcing at breaker or switch contacts that controls the heater strip, or moisture on the heater strip. RECOMMENDATION: Clean and vacuum dust from all insulators and insulated surfaces. Visually inspect for insulation/insulator damage: such as cracks, thinning, etc.. and traces of white powder (Nitric Oxide). which indicates corona problem. Repair and/or replace as needed. Re-inspect after corrections are made. Date of Repair: Repaired By: Repair Procedure: 8 1446474t Pro-Line inspections ...., PROBLEM NO. 6 DATE: March 14. 2016 TIME: 9:04 A.M. ITEM: Fargo connection LOCATION: 939 N. Vernon BO (center) Riser pole feeding Verizon Pole#4628564E p 4/ .., / # ; h., Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise 0/A Amps i Ii °C °F (TRMS) IA 0 0 (OK) Not available IC 0 0 (OK) Not available i PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty connection for both constant and variable loads RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Disconnect, clean and retighten connection. 12-kv Maintenance Action: , .. Date: (; l 7 NC t Problem repaired by: O 1' 4'4 L` Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 12 .,,,,,iiii< Pro-Line Inspections PROBLEM NO. 8 DATE: March 14. 2016 TIME: 9:34 A.M. ITEM: Lighting arrestor LOCATION: 791 S. Azusa West phase (in front of Public Storage) Pole#2957320E 28 I Atio.ilkk „ ighll :frit Yfill4. 48 4 at 4111 Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise 0/A Amps e x °C °F (TRMS) i East 0 0 (OK) Not available Center 0 0 (OK) Not available p PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty arrestor for both constant and variable loads RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace arrestor. 12-kv Maintenance Action: , /I Date: [1. 7/ 0;t Problem repaired by: I.1Arc"1 Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 14 * Pro-Line Inspections PROBLEM NO. 5 DATE: March 14. 2016 TIME: 8:39 A.M. ITEM: Fuse cutout connection LOCATION: Todd Avenue Bike Path A0(west) (West of golf course) 6th Pole north of Sierra Madre Cap Bank 26 Pole#4332MA , 44066,, 3 , .„. z. II Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise 0/A Amps 0 Ii-04 °C °F (TRMS) B 0 0(OK) Not available . C 0 0 (OK) Not available i PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty connection for both constant and variable loads RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Disconnect, clean and retighten connection. 12-kv Maintenance Action: -- Date: (J ��� Problem repaired by: L. /�LOrirAia`'N Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 11 iii.7.4 Pro-Line4 pro-Line In PROBLEM NO. 4 DATE: March 14. 2016 TIME: 8:23 A.M. ITEM: Lighting arrestor LOCATION: Todd Avenue Bike Path BO (center) (West of golf course) 5th Pole north of Sierra Madre Pole#4331 MA Riser pole i i i ars 'mss :a it/'e,L, ass, a MIME' .% ilor Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise 0/A Amps °C °F (TRMS) 1 A 0 0 (OK) Not available C 0 0 (OK) Not available PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty arrestor for both constant and variable loads RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace arrestor. 12-kv Maintenance Action: cirff-- Date: C.: � iJ. / ^-yC Problem repaired by: L/ +^- Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 10 Pro-Line inspections PROBLEM NO. 3 DATE: March 14. 2016 TIME: 7'08 A.M. ITEM: Lighting arrestor LOCATION: Todd Avenue Bike Path A0 (west) (West of golf course) 1st Pole Pole#4327MA Pothead Pole 60411 I • • / i 5 � Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise O/A Amps °C °F (TRMS) c, s g 0 0 (OK) Not available ) a C 0 0 (OK) Not available PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty arrestor for a variable load RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace arrestor. 12-kv Maintenance Action: Date: L IC 6 Problem repaired by: " Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 9 Pro-Line Inspections PROBLEM NO. 7 DATE: March 14, 2016 TIME: 9:34 A.M. ITEM: Lighting arrestors LOCATION: Across from 426 W. First St. AU three PS 67 Pole# 5295MA ranewoomoromms 1 Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise O/A Amps °C °F (TRMS) PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty arrestors for both constant and variable loads RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace arrestors. 12-kv Maintenance Action: Date: 1.f( f 24'i(i Problem repaired by: t - =:irke. 1 oN Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 13 Pro—Line inspectIons PROBLEM NO. 2 DATE: March 14, 2016 TIME: 6:56 A.M. ITEM: Lighting arrestors LOCATION: Unmarked riser pole one span south AO and CO of Pole Switch 2A on Todd Ave. 4th pole south of Sierra Madre East and west lighting arrestors / II milk iffIf tri I r - • Circuit/Phase Temperature Rise 0/A Amps r °C °F (TRMS) B 0 0 (OK) Not available I i i i PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING: SERIOUS Faulty arrestors for both constant and variable loads RECOMMENDATION: COMPONENT SIZE/RATING: Replace arrestors. 12-kv Maintenance Action: / iN Date: L / (. ! x`l(, Problem repaired by: t ,` i 4.'°iC' f 1 Dept./Company: Repair Procedure: 8 1.14 Pro-Un e Inspection AN INFRARED ELECTRICAL PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE And CORONA DETECTION INSPECTION FOR AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California At VERIZON DATA CENTER Survey Date: April 14, 2016 Requested By: Dan Kjar 1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065 Telephone (805) 522-2992 * Fax(805)522-3033 www.prolineinspection.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Project Purpose and Scope 4 Electrical Maintenance Criteria & mV Drop Readings 5 Letter from Pro-Line 6 List of Inspected Equipment 7 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE INFRARED SURVEY Infrared inspections are an important form of non-destructive testing that have become an indispensable preventive/predictive maintenance tool. An infrared inspection is performed with a portable infrared imaging system. This equipment detects infrared energy (heat) emitted from an object and displays it as a dy- namic thermal image on a color monitor. The thermal image is displayed in 256 colors, each color representing a discrete increment of temperature. Temperatures are obtained directly from the unit and through the processing software. This equipment can sense object temperatures from —10oC (14oF) to 1500oC (2732oF)with a sensitivity of 0.1 oC (0.2oF). When an area or a component with an unusual temperature is noted, digital images called thermograms are displayed on the monitor screen and are digitally recorded. These can later be analyzed and printed using analysis software. These thermograms, along with conventional digital photographs, are taken to document the problem areas. Together, they are presented in a complete report so that faulty components can be re- paired before they cause severe damage or injury due to failure. During the infrared inspection, faulty components might not be identified under the following conditions: a. components not under load during the inspection b. connections/contacts welded together as the result of a fault cycle problem c. line of sight view is obscured by other objects. After repairs are made, a follow-up survey is advised. Normally a complete survey should be performed once per year. 3 PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE On April 14, 2016, Pro-Line Inspections performed an infrared and corona detection inspection for Azusa Light and Power. This inspection was conducted at the Verizon Data Center. The project included an electrical predictive maintenance inspection of the breaker panels, motor control centers, transformers and related electrical switchgear. The purpose was to locate electrical problems, so that repairs can be made prior to a power outage or equipment failure. Pro-Line provides an equipment list of all components inspected (unless otherwise noted), beginning on page 7. The equipment temperatures were compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those components exceeding these standards were documented in the "problem"section of this report. 4 ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE CRITERIA In this report, problems are given severity ratings to aid the customer in determining repair priorities. In assigning severity ratings, the primary criteria are component operating temperatures. These tem- peratures are compared to the IEEE/ANSI load-based standard, which give the maximum allowable temperature rise over ambient of various electrical components as a function of their load factor (actual load divided by component rating). Current measurements were obtained with true RMS-reading clamp-on meters. These load readings include both linear and any non-linear current (true RMS load), giving a load value that reflects the actual heating value of the current present. Any significant current distortion is noted and document- ed. In all cases, severity ratings are determined on the basis of the component currents and temperatures measured at the time of the survey. Due to load variability these temperature and load measurements might not represent peak load values. For those components with load variability, a comparison of a component temperature with the corresponding IEEE/ANSI load-based standard indicates the poten- tial risk resulting from a load increase. Another essential consideration in determining maintenance priorities should be the importance of the function or process affected by the problem component. Equipment such as life-safety circuits and equipment, emergency power circuits, critical production and computer equipment, and critical alarm systems should be considered a high priority repair, regardless of the temperature severity or rating. Finally, any problem deemed an imminent fire or safety hazard should be addressed immediately. MILLIVOLT DROP TESTING The mV drop reading of one component alone should not be used as an indicator of that component's condition. Millivolt drop readings are taken for a comparison between identical components only. They are used to verify the problems indicated by the infrared inspection. 5 abik LLCPro-Line inspections April 18,2016 Mr. Dan Kjar Azusa Light and Power 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California Dear Mr. Kjar: Thank you once again for allowing Pro-Line to provide your company with our infrared and ultra- sound Inspection services! This formal report details the results of this inspection conducted on April 14, 2016. During the course of the survey, a load reading is taken for any component having a temperature rise above the ambient temperature. This temperature rise is then compared to the IEEE/ANSI standard which gives the maximum allowable temperature rise for the specific load factor for that component. We are happy to report that no problems found during the inspection at the Verizon Data Center. We hope our service have met your needs and that you will consider us for next year's inspection. In the meantime, if you have any questions concerning this report, please so not hesitate to call our office. please contact us. Sincerely, �Q1/IA,A/ gabglaini Doris Fulgham 1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065 Telephone (805)522-2992 * Fax(805) 522-3033 www.proline-ir.com 6 LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED FOR AN INFRARED ELECTRICAL PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE and CORONA DETECTION INSPECTION FOR AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER 729 N. Azusa Avenue Azusa, California At VERIZON DATA CENTER April 14, 2016 No problems were found during this inspection. * 12kV elbows PMH 321 * Pad-mounted transformer 2917 * Pad-mounted transformer 3019 THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTINUED PATRONAGE! If you need any of our other services, please feel free to contact ;c Pro-line Inspections, Inc HQ:1230 Madera Rd.,Suite 5-154 Simi Valley,CA 93065 (Ph)800.349.0055(Fax)805.522.3033 www.Prolinelnspections.com Pro.Uneglsbcglobal.net Pro-Line inspections has provided infrared scanning services for over 35 years. We are the industry leader in innovative methodology, accuracy, and analysis of infrared testing results. SERVICES PROVIDED Electrical Predictive Maintenance Inspections • "Load-based"results-NOT"hot spot"hunting. • Greater accuracy:false and missed problems eliminated • Verification with mV drop and ultrasound testing where necessary. • Same day preliminary reports. • Complete,easy-to-read results. Roof Sub-Surface Moisture Detection • Large roof areas inspected quickly. • Quantitative results with percent(%)moisture readings. • Documentation available on customer's roof plan. Building Energy-Loss Survey • Fast,easy method to locate energy loss areas. • Evaluates construction quality and building performance. • Provides LEED certification credit. Arc-Flash,Short Circuit,&Coordination Study • Meets OSHA and NFPA 70e regulatory requirements. • Conducted by a licensed professional engineer. • Safety training available; indudes continuing education credits and certificate of completion. Solar Panel(photovoltaic system)Inspections • Non-invasive, non-destructive infrared inspection of solar panel installations. • Identify defects and potential fire hazards before they become a safety or production problem. • Three applications:quality assurance, preventative maintenance,and warranty coverage. • Associated electrical equipment(breakers,inverters,combiner boxes,etc.)can be inspected as well. Ultrasound and Corona Detection Refractory Insulation Inspection Infrared Viewports and Ultrasound Access Ports GFI,ATS,and Generator Load Bank Testing 8