HomeMy WebLinkAboutF-6 Annual Summary Inspection Reports (GO 165 and 174) Information Item
Presented °I\2`?�15 F-6
4,4i-1„5,A
INFORMATION ITEM
TO: HONORABLE CHAIRPERSON AND MEMBERS OF E AZUSA
UTILITY BOARD
FROM: GEORGE F. MORROW, DIRECTOR OF UTILITIES
DATE: SEPTEMBER 28,2015
SUBJECT: 2014 ANNUAL SUMMARY INSPECTION REPORTS (GO 165 AND 174)
Azusa Light & Water is a municipal public utility designated as a Reliable Public Power
Provider by the American Public Power Association's RP3 Program.
The Electric Division performs annual inspections of the City's electric facilities as part of its
commitment to promote a safe electric system and provide reliable electricity to City residents
or customers.
The 2014 annual inspections were performed in conformance with established minimum
inspections requirements adopted by the California. Public Utilities Commission under General
Orders 165 and 174. These inspections consist of, but not limited to, circuit and streetlight
patrols, infrared inspections, visual inspections of electrical equipment both overhead and
underground, intrusive and/or detailed wood pole inspections, and inspection of substation
facilities.
The 2014 Annual Inspection Reports, which summarize the completed General Order 165 and
174 inspection programs, are attached to this report for reference and are also available online
at the Utility's website address.
Prepared by: Dan Kjar,Electric Distribution Supervisor
F. Langit Jr,Assistant Director of Electric Operations
Attachments:
1. GO 165 2014 Annual Report
2. GO 174 2014 Inspection Report
UB-147
i
L4AZUSA
C.1t T h Y0AT( 4
City of Azusa
AZUSA LIGHT & WATER DEPARTMENT
2014 ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO GENERAL ORDER NO. 165
Dated: 12/09/2014
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UB-148
Azusa Light & Water Annual Compliance Report
General Order No. 165
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1
II. BACKGROUND .1
III. SUMMARY OF AZUSA LIGHT & WATER'S INSPECTIONS
AND CORRECTIVE ACTION ACTIVITIES DURING
CALENDAR YEAR 2014 3
A. Patrols 3
1. Circuit Patrols 3
2. Streetlight Patrols 3
B. Intrusive and Detailed Inspections .4
1. Intrusive Wood Pole Inspections ...4
2. Overhead Detailed Inspections .4
3. Underground and Pad Mounted Equipment
Detailed Inspections 5
C. Condition Ratings .5
iii
UB-149
AZUSA LIGHT & WATER DEPARTMENT'S ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO GENERAL ORDER NO. 165
I.
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
In 2014, Azusa completed 20 circuit patrols, 339 detailed inspections,
0 intrusive wood pole inspections, and 0 corrective actions on facilities
subject to G.O. 165. This report includes Attachment A, a table containing
summary data of Azusa's compliance activities for 2014 presented on a
system wide basis.
II.
BACKGROUND
The California Public Utility Commission adopted G.O. 165, which
established minimum inspection requirements for certain electric distribution
facilities (including maximum allowable inspection cycle lengths), condition
rating, and recordkeeping and reporting on scheduling and performance of
corrective action. G.O. 165 imposed the following reporting requirements:
Each utility shall complete an annual report detailing its compliance with the
general order. These reports will include the utility's plans for the types of
inspections and equipment to be inspected during the coming year. The
report shall identify the number of facilities, by type, which have been
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inspected during the previous period. It shall identify those facilities which
were scheduled for inspection but which were not inspected according to
schedule and shall explain why the inspections were not conducted, and a
date certain by which the required inspection will occur. The report shall
also present the total and percentage breakdown of equipment rated at each
condition rating level, including that equipment determined to be in need of
corrective action. Where corrective action was scheduled during the
reporting period, the report will present the total and percentage of
equipment which was and was not corrected during the reporting period. For
the latter, an explanation will be provided, including a date certain by which
required corrective action will occur. The report will also present totals and
the percentage of equipment in need of corrective action, but with a schedule
date beyond the reporting period, classified by the amount of time remaining
before the scheduled action. All of the above required information shall be
presented for each type of identified facility.
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III.
SUMMARY OF AZUSA LIGHT & WATER'S INSPECTIONS
AND CORRECTIVE ACTION ACTIVITIES DURING
CALENDAR YEAR 2014
G.O. 165 requires annual inspection performance data, condition
ratings, and corrective action information. The following is a narrative
summary of the required data. In addition, Attachment A contains a tabular
summary of data.
A. Patrols
As defined in G.O. 165, a patrol is a simple visual inspection, of
applicable utility equipment and structures that is designed to identify
obvious structural problems and hazards. Patrols may be carried out in the
course of other company business.
1. Circuit Patrols
G.O. 165 requires annual patrols of all urban circuits. In 2014 Azusa
completed 20 circuits, or 100 % of the planned number of circuit patrols due
for inspection in 2014.
2. Streetlight Patrols
G.O. 165 requires annual patrols of all urban streetlights. In 2014,
Azusa patrolled 100 % of its urban streetlight inventory.
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B. Intrusive and Detailed Inspections
1. Intrusive Wood Pole Inspections
In 2014, Azusa planned to complete a total of 0 intrusive inspections
of wood poles in 2014. Azusa completed 100% of the planned inspections
from 2001 to 2004. Overall, our G.O. 16:5 compliance plan is completed on
all poles older than 10 years have received their first intrusive inspection. A
total of 2,845 poles were tested.
2. Overhead Detailed Inspections
In 2014, Azusa planned inspections of 167 overhead transformers
detailed inspections and completed 167 detailed inspections or 20%. For
overhead switching and protective devices, the 2014 plan was to complete
18 detailed inspections. Azusa completed 18 detailed inspections or 20% of
the plan. For overhead capacitors, Azusa planned and completed 5 detailed
inspections, 20% of the plan. Azusa also completed detailed inspections on
all of the overhead conductors. Azusa completed inspections on 88.8 miles
of overhead conductor or 100 % of the planned inspections in 2014.
3. Underground and Pad Mounted Equipment Detaild
Inspections
In 2014, Azusa planned to complete 116 underground and pad
mounted equipment detailed inspections. Azusa actually completed 116
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underground and pad mounted equipment detailed inspections or 33%
(Underground) & 20% (Padmount) of the planned inspections.
C. Condition Ratings
G.O. 165 requires Azusa to rate the condition of specified equipment
such as, (transformers, switches, regulators, capacitors and conductors).
Under Azusa's condition rating system, established in 2001, revised in 2004,
condition rated 1 equipment and structure repairs are made immediately.
Azusa plans ahead for condition rated 2 & 3 repairs. Condition rating 4 is
used for all equipment whose condition either does not require any repair or
does not require any scheduled repair. As of 12/09/ 2014, Azusa's condition
rating system included 0 facilities with Level 1 condition ratings, 10
facilities with Level 2 condition ratings and 0 facilities with Level 3
condition ratings. The remaining 339 facilities subject to condition rating
were rated at Level 4.
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Summary of 2014 G.O. 165 Inspection Report
Transformers:
Pole mount: 167 inspected - 20%required for 5 yr. cycle
Circuits completed: Jackson
Vincent
Azusa
Pad mount: 102 inspected-20%required for 5 yr. cycle
Circuits completed: Arrow
Jackson
Vincent
Irwindale
B.U.R.D: 33 inspected-33%required for 3 yr. cycle
Areas completed: Villa Azusa
5th & Rockvale
San Gabriel Canyon Rd. N/O Sierra Madre in Median
700 S. Lark Ellen
955 E. Arrow
Switches:
PME: 6 inspected-20%required for 5 yr. cycle
Switches inspected: 321, 322, 323,324, 325, 326
Vacuum: 6 inspected-33%required for 3 yr cycle
Switches completed: 401, 402, 403,404, 405,406 (100%Inspected in 2013)
Pole mount: 18 inspected-20%required for 5 yr. cycle
Switches completed: 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 27,28, 50, 55, 65, 66, 71, 74, 75, 79,
101, 104, 117
Capacitors:
Overhead 7 inspected-20%required for 5 yr. cycle
Capacitor Banks Completed: 4, 5, 10, 20, 22
Pad Mount 0 inspected
Capacitor Banks Completed: 0
(28, 33,and 34 Insp. In 2013, 100%of 3 Yr. Plan)
UB-155
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For Quality of Life
AZUSA LIGHT & WATER DEPARTMENT
2014 ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO GENERAL ORDER NO. 174
Dated: December 2014
ii
UB-156
•
Azusa Light & Water Annuall Compliance Report
General Order No. 174
December 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1
II. BACKGROUND 1
III SUMMARY OF INSPECTIONS „3
IV INFRARED REPORT AT ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS 4
UB-157
AZUSA LIGHT & WATER DEPARTMENT'S ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO GENERAL ORDER NO. 174
I.
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
In 2014, Azusa completed infrared inspections of the two City owned
electrical substations inside our electric service territory. Based on the
inspections, there were two (2) URGENT ratings, which require immediate
corrective action, were recorded. There was one (1) TIMELY rating, which
require corrective action within 6 months, were recorded and corrected.
There was one (1) NON EMERGENCY rating, which requires corrective
action for the substations subject to G.O. 174.
II.
BACKGROUND
The California Public Utility Commission adopted G.O. 174, which
established minimum inspection requirements for certain electric distribution
substations (including maximum allowable inspection cycle lengths),
condition rating, recordkeeping and reporting on scheduling and
performance of the corrective action. G.O. 174 imposed the following
reporting requirements:
4
UB-158
Each utility shall complete an annual report detailing its compliance with the
general order. These reports will include the utility's plans for the types of
inspections and equipment to be inspected during the coming year. The
report shall identify the number of facilities, by type, which have been
inspected during the previous period. It shall identify those facilities which
were scheduled for inspection but which were not inspected according to
schedule and shall explain why the inspections were not conducted, and a
date certain by which the required inspection will occur. The report shall
also present the total and percentage breakdown of equipment rated at each
condition rating level, including that equipment determined to be in need of
corrective action. Where corrective action was scheduled during the
reporting period, the report will present the total and percentage of
equipment which was and was not corrected during the reporting period. For
the latter, an explanation will be provided, including a date certain by which
required corrective action will occur. The report will also present totals and
the percentage of equipment in need of corrective action, but with a schedule
date beyond the reporting period, classified by the amount of time remaining
before the scheduled action. All of the above required information shall be
presented for each type of identified facility.
5
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III.
SUMMARY OF AZUSA LIGHT & WATER'S INSPECTIONS
AND CORRECTIVE ACTION ACTIVITIES DURING
CALENDAR YEAR 2013
G.O. 174 requires the governing utility to identify, set a rating
standard, and categorize inspection performance data for all distribution
substation within the utility's jurisdiction, condition ratings, and corrective
action information. The following is a narrative summary of the required
data.
A. General Appearance
General appearance of the substation(s)
B. Condition Ratings
G.O. 174 requires Azusa to rate the condition of specified equipment
such as, (transformers, switches, regulators, capacitors, relays, batteries, A/C
units and conductors). Under Azusa's condition rating system condition
rated "1" equipment and structure repairs are performed or made
immediately. Azusa plans ahead for needed repairs under condition rated
"2" & "3". Condition rating "4" is used for all equipment whose condition
either does not require any repair or does not require any scheduled repair.
As of 12/24/ 2014, Azusa's condition rating system included one (1) facility
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with Level 1 condition ratings. Also, one (1) identified facilities/equipment
with Level 2 condition rating was corrected. There was one (1)
facility/equipment with Level 3 condition rating. All other facilities subject
to condition rating were rated at Level 4.
For additional information on the infrared inspections performed at the
electrical substations see the following pages showing results of the infrared
inspections.
End.
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UB-161
J
Pro-Line< Inspections, LLC
AN INFRARED
ELECTRICAL PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
INSPECTION
FOR
Azusa Light and Power
729 N. Azusa Avenue
Azusa, California
Survey Date: April 7-10 and 14-17, 2014
Requested By: Dan Kjar
1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065
Telephone(805) 522-2992 * Fax(805) 522-3033 www,proline-ir.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 3
Project Purpose and Scope 4
Electrical Maintenance Criteria & mV Drop Readings 5
Problem Severity Rating Protocol 6
Summary 7
Survey Data 8
List of Inspected Equipment 10
Harmonic Distortion—Cause and Effects (Appendix A)
Hypothetical Fault Cycle (Appendix B)
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INTRODUCTION TO THE INFRARED SURVEY
Infrared inspections are an important form of non-destructive testing that have become an
indispensable preventive/predictive maintenance tool.
An infrared inspection is performed with a portable infrared imaging system. This
equipment detects infrared energy (heat) emitted from an object and displays it as a dy-
namic thermal image on a color monitor.
The thermal image is displayed in 256 colors, each color representing a discrete
increment of temperature. Temperatures are obtained directly from the unit and through
the processing software. This equipment can sense object temperatures from —10oC
(14oF) to 1500oC (2732oF) with a sensitivity of 0.1 oC (0.2oF).
When an area or a component with an unusual temperature is noted, digital images
called thermograms are displayed on the monitor screen and are digitally recorded.
These can later be analyzed and printed using analysis software. These thermograms,
along with conventional digital photographs, are taken to document the problem areas.
Together, they are presented in a complete report so that faulty components can be re-
paired before they cause severe damage or injury due to failure.
During the infrared inspection, faulty components might not be identified under the
following conditions: a. components not under load during the inspection
b. connections/contacts welded together as the result of a
fault cycle problem •
c. line of sight view is obscured by other objects.
After repairs are made, a follow-up survey is advised. Normally a complete survey should
be performed once per year.
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PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE
On April 7-10, 2014, Pro-Line Inspections performed an infrared inspection for
Azusa Light and Power, located in Azusa, California.
The project included an electrical predictive maintenance inspection of the breaker
panels, motor control centers, transformers and related electrical switchgear. The
purpose was to locate electrical problems, which evidence themselves as overheating,
so that repairs can be made prior to a power outage or equipment failure.
All equipment on this list was inspected (unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were
compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only
those components exceeding these standards were documented in the "problem" section
of this report.
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ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE CRITERIA
In this report, problems are given severity ratings to aid the customer in determining repair
priorities. In assigning severity ratings, the primary criteria are component operating tem-
peratures. These temperatures are compared to the IEEE/ANSI load-based standard,
which give the maximum allowable temperature rise over ambient of various electrical com-
ponents as a function of their load factor(actual load divided by component rating).
Current measurements were obtained with true RMS-reading clamp-on meters. These load
readings include both linear and any non-linear current(true RMS load), giving a load value
that reflects the actual heating value of the current present. Any significant current distortion
is noted and documented.
In all cases, severity ratings are determined on the basis of the component currents and
temperatures measured at the time of the survey. Due to load variability these temperature
and load measurements might not represent peak load values. For those components with
load variability, a comparison of a component temperature with the corresponding IEEE/
ANSI load-based standard indicates the potential risk resulting from a load increase.
Another essential consideration in determining maintenance priorities should be the im-
portance of the function or process affected by the problem component. Equipment such as
life-safety circuits and equipment, emergency power circuits, critical production and comput-
er equipment, and critical alarm systems should be considered a high priority repair, regard-
less of the temperature severity or rating.
Finally, any problem deemed an imminent fire or safety hazard should be addressed imme-
diately.
MILLIVOLT DROP TESTING
The mV drop reading of one component alone should not be used as an indicator of that
component's condition. Millivolt drop readings are taken for a comparison between identical
components only. They are used to verify the problems indicated by the infrared inspection.
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PROBLEM SEVERITY RATIING PROTOCOL
The following ratings apply to connections, switch contacts, and other components as speci-
fied in the IEEE/ANSI load-based standard. For other components, such as fuses, thermal
overload relays, and transformer windings, operating temperatures are strictly compared to
manufacturer's specifications to determine severity ratings.
FOR COMPONENTS WITH VARIABLE LOADS
%TEMP.RISE(Over IEEE/ANSI load-based standard): Monitor temp.at regular intervals
100-110% INCIPIENT Recommendation: Monitor for increased problem severity.
111-200% MODERATE Recommendation: Correct at next maintenance opportunity.
201-325% SERIOUS Recommendation: Correct atearfest opportunity.
326%+ CRITICAL Recommendation: Emergency repairs should be weighed against
Power/production interruption costs.
PROBABLE IMMINENT FAILURE:Component problem is visible to the unaided eye
and presents imminent property damage or personal injury if left uncorrected. (e.g.arcing,
extreme disoloration,etc.)
Recommendation: Correct on emergency basis.
FOR COMPONENTS WITH STEADY LOADS
%TEMP.RISE(Over IEEE/ANSI load-based standard)
1 - 100C INCIPIENT Recommendation: Monitor for increased problem everity.
11 - 200C MODERATE Recommendation: Correct at next mahtenanoe opportunity.
21 - 400C SERIOUS Recommendation: Correct atearlestopportunity.
410C (+) CRITICAL Recommendation: Emergency repairs should be weighed
against power/production interruption costs.
PROBABLE IMMINENT FAILURE: Component problem is visible to the unaided eye
and presents imminent property damage orpersonal injury if left uncorrected. (e.g.arcing,
extreme discoloration, etc.)
Recommendation: Correct on emergency basis.
PLEASE NOTE
These severity classifications are derived from manufacturer's equipmerrt ratings and Pro-Limes more than 25 yeas expenence in
hspeding and monitoring electrical equipment.Due to the unpredictable nature of electrical equipment failure,these ratings should
be used only as a guide and are not meant to predict the wining of w.np rent faiures.
URmatey,The customer is responsible for tepairdecisans.
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SUMMARY
The factors in establishing maintenance priority should be:
(1) Severity of temperature rise
(2) The importance and/or nature of the process/function involved.
(3) The operating environment around the equipment location.
*Based upon load cycle at time of inspection, 7 problems were found
at the time of this inspection. They are listed below in order of their severity.
See page 6 for more information regarding problem severity rating protocol.
PROBLEM SEVERITY
ITEM # ITEM &LOCATION *VARIABLE *STEADY
1 KPF Switch#PS33 contacts SERIOUS n/a
Pole#4086MA
844 N. Vernon
2 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a
Northeast Corner of 11th and Orange
Pole#1782 MA
3 Faulty arrestor SERIOUS n/a
Alley Between San Gabriel and Angeleno
2nd Pole South of 11th Street
Pole#289762E
4 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a
Alley Between Azusa and San Gabriel
3rd Pole South of 5
Pole Number is Missing, Behind LaTouteca
5 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a
In Alley Behind Jack-In-The Box at
126 N Azusa Ave: Pole#4201 MA
6 Faulty arrestors SERIOUS n/a
Across the Street From 137 E. Russell
Pole#4056MA
7 Transformer bushing connection SERIOUS n/a
Behind 1028 W. Kirkwall
Inspected From Transmission Easement
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`' Pro-Line< LLC —
ITEM NO: 1 DATE: April 7, 2014 TIME: 9:42 AM
ITEM: LOCATION:
KPF Switch#PS33 Pole#4086MA
Top switch 1344 N. Vernon
1111,41101
r
- /
r
Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS. Factor %THD mV Drop
Top 89.0 160.0
Center <1.0 <1.0
Bottom <1.0 <1.0
unable to obtain load readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING:
Faulty contacts CRITICAL under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Check contact integrity, repair or replace as needed.
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12kV 60Hz CU
Date of Repair: Repaired Ely:
Repair Procedure:
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C Pro-Line Inspections, LLC
ITEM NO: 2 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 8:51 AM
ITEM: LOCATION:
Lighting Arrestor Northeast Corner of 11th and Orange
Center and Street Phases Pole#1782 MA
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Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop
North 2.0 4.0
Center 37.0 67.0
Street 37.0 67.0
unable to obtain load readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING:
Faulty arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace arrestors
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12kV 60Hz CU
Date of Repair: Repaired By:
Repair Procedure:
9
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'---- n< Pro-Line Inspections, LLC
ITEM NO: 3 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 9:13 AM
ITEM: LOCATION:
Lighting Arrestor Alley Between San Gabriel and Angeleno
East and Center Phases 2nd Pole South of 11th Street
Pole#289762E
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r Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop
East 27.0 49.0
Center 10.0 18.0
West 10.0 18.0
' unable to obtain load readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING;
Faulty arrestor SERIOUS under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace arrestor
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12kV 60Hz CU
Date of Repair: Repaired By:
Repair Procedure:
10
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J
C Pro-Line Inspections, LLC
ITEM NO: 4 DATE; April 14, 2014 TIME: 9:50 AM
ITEM: LOCATION:
Lighting Arrestor Alley Between Azusa and San Gabriel
Center Phase 3rd Pole South of 5
Pole Number is Missing
Behind LaTouteca
.111k, reimu
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•.ka
Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop
East <1.0 <1.0
Center 46.0 83.0
West <1.0 <1.0
unable to obtain toad readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING:
Faulty arrestor SERIOUS under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace arrestor
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12kV 60Hz CU
Date of Repair: Repaired By:
Repair Procedure:
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.air< Pro-Line Inspections, LLC
ITEM NO: 5 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 10:06 AM
ITEM: LOCATION:
Lighting Arrestors In Alley Behind Jack-In-The Box at
Center and West Phases 126 N Azusa Ave: Pole #4201 MA
lit, rf
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Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop
East <1,0 <1.0
Center 30.0 54.0
West 31.0 56.0
* unable to obtain load readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING:
Faulty arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace arrestors
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12kV 60Hz CU
Date of Repair: Repaired By:
Repair Procedure:
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— viJ<
Pro-Line ILLC
..
ITEM NO: 6 DATE: April 14, 2014 TIME: 1:50 PM
ITEM: LOCATION:
Lighting Arrestors Across the Street From 137 E. Russell
Center and South Phases Pole#4056MA
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Phase/ Temp.Rise 0/A *Max.Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp.Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop
North 1.0 2.0
Center 14.0 25.0
South 25.0 45.0
• unable to obtain load readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING:
Faulty arrestors SERIOUS under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace arrestors
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12kV 60Hz CU
Date of Repair; Repaired By:
Repair Procedure:
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< Pro-Line Inspections, LLC
ITEM NO: 7 DATE: April 14 2014 TIME: 2:10 PM
ITEM: LOCATION:
Transformer Bank Pot South Behind 1028 W. Kirkwall
8-Phase Bushing Inspected From Transmission Easement
•
Phase/ Temp. Rise 0/A *Max,Allowable Amps %Load
Circuit °C °F Temp. Rise°C TRMS Factor %THD mV Drop
A <1.0 <1.0
B 20.0 36.0
C <1.0 <1.0
• based on IEEE/ANSI load-based readings
PROBABLE CAUSE: SEVERITY RATING:
Faulty connection SERIOUS under a variable load
RECOMMENDATION:
Disconnect clean and tighten down connection
COMPONENT/SIZE RATING:
12Kv 60Hz CU
Date of Repair: Repaired By:
Repair Procedure:
14
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LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED
for
AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER
729 N.Azusa Avenue
Azusa, California
April 7-10 and 14-17, 2014
Note: All equipment on this list was inspected(unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were
compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those
components exceeding these standards were documented in the problem section of this report.
PATROLLED 12-kV OVERHEAD POWER LINE CIRCUITS
Inspected using infrared technology only
Alameda
Angeleno
Cerritos
Coney
Irwindale
Pasadena
Vernon
Azusa
Brewery
Rock Vale
Sierra Madre
Owl
Paramount
Todd
Am Forge
Vincent
Jackson
Arrow Hilltop
SUBSTATIONS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR AND EQUIPMENT
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
Azusa East
Azusa West
Kirkwall
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Azusa Light and Power
VAULTS
Huntsaker Tract
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
V0136 not inspected
V0023 not inspected
V0308 not inspected
V0141 not inspected
V0285 not inspected
V0309 not inspected
V0310 not inspected
V0311
V0312 not inspected
V0314 not inspected
V0315
V0316
V0317
V0318
V0320
V0321
V0322
V0323
V0325 cover had stripped screw and could not be opened
V0326 not inspected
V0327 not inspected
V0137 not inspected
Azusa Sub Get-A-Ways
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
PB0139 in Azusa sub
PB0142 in field n/o Azusa sub
PB0138
PB143 I/F/0/748 Angeleno
PB0140 N/E corner of Azusa Yard
Vault??? Foothill & Angeleno
Vault??? I/F/0/605 N. Angeleno
Vault??? 8th & Angeleno Intersection
Vault for PS67 I/F/O 426 1st St.
Vault 265 Outside Kirkwell Sub
Vault 266 Across from 1035 Gladstone
Vault 268 On Gladstone 100' east of Clydebank
Vault 269 In st at Garcloch &Gladstone - E Libre
Vault 270 150' west of Vernon an Gladstone In st.
Pull box 271 Next to Vault 270 on sidewalk
Pull box 45 Northeast corner of San Gabriel & Foothill
Pull box 46 Light & water building parking lot
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Azusa Light and Power
AZUSA SUB 12-kV BREAKERS
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
Alameda
Angeleno
Cerriots
Coney not inspected
Irwindale
Pasadena
Vernon
Azusa
Brewery
Rockvale
Sierra Madre
Owl
Todd
AM Forge
Vincent
Jackson
Arrow
Hilltop
PME'S SWITCHES
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
328
17
UB-178
Azusa Light and Power
KIRKWELL SUB
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
12kV enclosed cabinet feeders and/or bus: Rear Doors
- Unit 1 12kV cap bank 1
- Unit 2 main 1 transformer 1
- Unit 3 12kV Vincent
- Unit 4 12kV Jackson
- Unit 5 12kV Gladstone
- UNit 6 12kV Arrow
- Unit 7 transfer breaker
- Unit 8 auxiliary
- Unit 9 main 2 transformer 2
- Capacitor bank
Outdoor Equipment
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
-67kV/12kV transformer T1
-67kV/12kV transformer T2
18
UB-179
APPENDIX A
HARMONIC DISTORTION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS
Although a complete power quality survey is beyond the scope of the normal infrared inspection,
the load data for thermal problems during your survey will indicate whether harmonic distortion
exists in the circuit supplying the defective component.
Harmonics are currents of voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental
power frequency. For example,if the fundamental frequency is 60 Hz,then the second harmonic
is 120 Hz,the third is 180 Hz,etc. '
Harmonics are created by non-linear loads that draw current in abrupt pulses rather than in a
smooth sinusoidal manner. These pulses cause distorted current wave shapes which in turn
cause harmonic currents to flow back into other parts of the power system.2
The problem is evident when you look at the current or voltage waveform. Normal 60 cycle power
appears on the oscilloscope as a near sine wave(see Figure 1).3 When harmonics are present,
the waveform is distorted. These waves are described as non-sinusoidal(see Figure 2).4
Peak
Peak ------- Rns
---- Ms Average
----Average -- -----—
,....)
Figure 1 Figure 2
' "In Tune With Power Harmonics," John Fluke Manufacturing Co.,Inc.,p.5.
2 Ibid.
9 David C. Griffith,"Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities,
July/August 1993,p.58.
' Ibid.
19
UB-180
Harmonic Distortion: Causes and Effects(continued)
The voltage and current waveforms are no longer simply related;hence the term non-linear.'
The ratio of the peak current to the RMS current,called the crest factor,is also indicative of
the power quality,as shown below.
Peak Current rms Current
Crest Factor = Form Factor=
mis Current Average Current
Crest Factor for Sine Wave = 1.41 for Typical Non-Linear Load =2 to 3
Form Factor for Sine Wave = 1.1 for Typical Non-Linear Load = 1.5 to 5
The following are typical non-linear loads which cause harmonic distortion:
• Computers, especially PCs
• Computer Terminals and Work Stations
• Computer Peripherals and Modems
• Word Processors
• Copy Machines
• Facsimile
• Teletype
• Telephone PBX
• Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners
• Adjustble Speed Drives
• Rectifiers
• Fluorescent Lights(including electronic ballasts)
• Arc Furnaces'
Current distortion can cause these problems:
• Improper calibration of overload devices and meters
• Low power factor resulting in possible surcharge
• Reduced electrical system capacity
• Excess neutral current-three-phase,fou--wire systems
• Overheating and failure of components,transformers and circuits
• Overvoltage of system components-ASD and PF capacitors
• Voltage distortion'
5°In Tune With Power Harmonics," John Fluke Manufacturing Co.,Inc.,p.5
6 David C. Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities,
July/August 1993,p.55
'Ibid.,p.59
20
UB-181
Harmonic Distortion: Causes and Effects(continued)
The effects of voltage distortion can be:
• Metering and relaying errors.
• Unnecessary computer shutdown.
• Reduced power interruption tolerances.
• Increased heating-motors,transformers,and switchgear.
• Timing errors-multiple zero crossings.°
Although harmonics are not always the primary cause of thermal problems, the effect of
harmonic distortion should always be considered when correcting thermal problems found
from the infrared inspection.
If the customer does not have sufficient electrical training, an electrical consultant
knowledgeable in harmonics should be called in to properly analyze the power quality and
effect the proper solution.
8 David C.Griffith, "Harmonics in Power Distribution Systems," AIPE Facilities,
July/August 1993,p.55
21
UB-182
APPENDIX B
A HYPOTHETICAL FAULT CYCLE
i2 arc i
i
i
E
_ � .be )43 mm a
E y a y 2 m .. W
s 01
E.1 £1 '04) '
h
1
, ° 0 , y 3/ '
A ll
I > TIME t
The birth of a hot spot is shown at point`A." This hot spot can progress in a number of ways.
1)It can fail in a matter of hours after birth;2)It can follow the simulated pattern as shown in
the graph and fail at any point or go on indefinitely. The one thing to keep in mind is that it will
never cure itself. It will eventually FAIL.
i1'1lc ,
t ;r�� ,.WC`t�� '•f _ a�lY' tl;O�( ,.t,:i !,)E'iE' r(f2,c�:ir•
Tests by the Electric Power Institute and An investigation of hundreds of connectors
by utilities have firmly established the has shown that many with small
reliability of infrared instruments for temperature rises (5-10 degrees C.)above
locating hot spots due to faults or defects ambient were seriously deteriorated and
on lines or in substations. The tests were others with temperatures of 100 degrees C
made on full-scale components, with or rnore had very little deterioration and
spacing and elevation as in actual vice versa. The reasons for this paradox is
distribution systems. These components that excessive heating over an extended
were energized with 30 volts A.C. to period causes connections to arc and burn
permit direct attachment of thermo- to the point where severe deterioration
couples to monitor the temperature, takes place. Arcing causes the connector
which were measured with an accuracy to weld to the conductor, which forms a
of +/- 1 degree C. Currents in some low resistance path for current flow. As a •
cases were adjusted to as high as 200% result, heating of the components drops
of rated values, and both good and and may even cease entirely for a time.
defective connections were maintained. These unintentional welds are generally
Results of the tests definitely proved that poor ones and are easily broken by
infrared instruments can detect hot spots mechanical stress, high load or fault
which might occur in conductors, splices, currents. Once such a weld separates,
connectors, distribution transformers, heating and arcing takes place again until
substation components, etc., regardless the connector re-welds to the conductor.
of load. Meanwhile, disintegration continues and, if
not detected by inspection, the equipment
will eventually fail.
The functional importance of a component to your total system should always be considered.
In addition,the use of a load-based temperature standard such as IEEEIANSI standard provides a
more accurate basis for assigning severity ratings to problems.
11
22
UB-183
110•14Pro-Line Inspections, LLC
AN ULTRASOUND
HIGH-VOLTAGE CORONA DETECTION
INSPECTION
FOR
Azusa Light and Power
729 N. Azusa Avenue
Azusa, California
Survey Date: April 7-10 and 14-17, 2014
Requested By: Dan Kjar
1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065
Telephone (805) 522-2992 * Fax(805) 522-3033 www.proline-ir.com
UB-184
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 3
Project Purpose and Scope & Methodology 4
Letter from Pro-Line 5
List of Inspected Equipment 6
2
UB-185
INTRODUCTION TO THE ULTRASOUND INSPECTION
Airborne ultrasound inspections detect three basic types of electrical problems:
Arcing: An Arc occurs when electricity flows through space, e.g. lightening.
Corona: This problem occurs through damaged insulation material, when a high or medium
voltage conductors begin to ionize the air, forming ozone(03). The ozone will conduct current
and may form a direct path to ground causing a catastrophic failure, especially in enclosed
switchgear. Ozone also combines with moisture to form nitrogen oxides, which attack organic in-
sulating materials and corrode metal components causing possible thermal problems.
Tracking: Often referred to as "Baby arcing"tracking follows the path of damaged or dirty in-
sulation across component surfaces. These conditions occur most often in medium to high volt-
age equipment(2kV or greater). All forms of arcing affect the quality of power. Arcing through air
and through bulk insulation destroys electrical power equipment. Damage can occur requiring
hours, even days to repair.
An arc or corona discharge emits ultrasound at the problem site. This electrical discharge can be
located by scanning the area with an ultrasound detection system. This system takes ultrasound
waves, which cannot be detected by the human ear, and modulates the frequency so that they
can be heard. Normally, electrical equipment should be either silent or emit a steady humming
sound. Destructive electrical corona is characterized by an intermittent sizzling sound, while nui-
sance corona emits a continuous steady buzzing sound.
When an area or component with suspected electrical corona is found, the following information is
recorded to develop a baseline:
1. Location
2. Equipment Type
3. Ultrasound Module Type Used
4. Sensitivity Level Setting
5. Db Meter Reading
6. Temperature
7. Relative Humidity
In addition, a digital sample recording of the emitted ultrasound is also taken for
computerized spectral analysis.
A digital photograph of the suspected problem equipment is also taken, if immediate repairs are
not warranted, nor possible, additional readings and recordings are taken on successive inspec-
tions and compared to the baseline data so that a trend can then be identified to help with mainte-
nance planning.
3
UB-186
PROJECT PURPOSE AND SCOPE
On April 7-10, & 14-17, 2014, Pro-Line Inspections performed an ultrasound inspection for
Azusa Light and Power, located in Azusa, California.
The purpose of this inspection was to locate potentially harmful corona arcing and tracking and to
document the variables used to ascertain its severity.
SURVEY METHODOLOGY
When an ultrasound anomaly is detected, a digital recording is made for further analysis.A
spectral analysis, called a spectrum is used to analyze the frequency vs. amplitude characteristics
of each emitted ultrasound recording. In this manner, the type of problem and its severity can
be determined.
A complete list of all components covered by this survey are contained in the "List of Inspected
Equipment." This report presents the findings and documentation from this infrared survey.
4
UB-187
* Pro-Line Inspections, LLQ
February 25, 2014
Mr. Dan Khar
Azusa Light and Power
729 N. Azusa Avenue
Azusa, California 91702
Dear Mr. Kjar:
Thank you for choosing Pro-Line Inspections to provide your facility with our inspection services!
We are happy to report no problems found during the ultrasound inspection conducted April 7-10 and
14-17,2014.We have included a list of equipment inspected.
We hope our services has met your inspections needs and that you will consider us for your next
ultrasound inspection. In the meantime, if you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to
contact us.
Sincerely,
Frank E. Fulgham
1230 Madera Road, Suite 5-154 8 Simi Valley, California 93065
Telephone(805) 522-2992 * Fax(805) 522-3033 www.proline-ir.com
5
UB-188
LIST OF EQUIPMENT INSPECTED
for
AZUSA LIGHT AND POWER
729 N. Azusa Avenue
Azusa, California
April 7-10 and 14-17, 2014
Note: All equipment on this list was inspected(unless otherwise noted), and temperatures were
compared to IEEE/ANSI temperature standards corrected for the observed load. Only those
components exceeding these standards were documented in the problem section of this report.
SUBSTATIONS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR AND EQUIPMENT
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
Azusa East
Azusa West
Kirkwall
VAULTS
Huntsaker Tract
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
V0136 not inspected
V0023 not inspected
V0308 not inspected
V0141 not inspected
V0285 not Inspected
V0309 not inspected
V0310 not Inspected
V0311
V0312 not Inspected
V0314 not inspected
V0315
V0316
V0317
V0318
V0320
V0321
V0322
V0323
V0325 cover had stripped screw and could not be opened
V0326 not inspected
V0327 not inspected
V0137 not inspected
6
UB-189
Azusa Light and Power
Vaults continued
Azusa Sub Get-A-Ways
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
P80139 in Azusa sub
PB0142 in field n/o Azusa sub
PB0138
PB143 I/F/0/748 Angeleno
PB0140 N/E corner of Azusa Yard
Vault??? Foothill &Angeleno
Vault??? I/F/O/605 N. Angeleno
Vault??? 8th &Angeleno Intersection
Vault for PS67 I/F/0 426 1st St.
Vault 265 Outside Kirkwell Sub
Vault 266 Across from 1035 Gladstone
Vault 268 On Gladstone 100' east of Clydebank
Vault 269 In st at Garcloch & Gladstone - E Libre
Vault 270 150' west of Vernon on Gladstone in st.
Pull box 271 Next to Vault 270 on sidewalk
Pull box 45 Northeast corner of San Gabriel & Foothill
Pull box 46 Light & water building parking lot
End of Vaults
AZUSA SUB 12-kV BREAKERS
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
Alameda
Angeleno
Cerriots
Coney not inspected
Irwindale
Pasadena
Vernon
Azusa
Brewery
Rockvale
Sierra Madre
Owl
Todd
AM Forge
Vincent
Jackson
Arrow
Hilltop
7
UB-190
Azusa Light and Power
PME'S SWITCHES
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
328
KIRKWELL SUB
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
12kV enclosed cabinet feeders and/or bus: Rear Doors
- Unit 1 12kV cap bank 1
- Unit 2 main 1 transformer 1
- Unit 3 12kV Vincent
- Unit 4 12kV Jackson
- Unit 5 12kV Gladstone
- UNit 6 12kV Arrow
- Unit 7 transfer breaker
- Unit 8 auxiliary
- Unit 9 main 2 transformer 2
- Capacitor bank
Outdoor Equipment
Inspected using infrared and ultrasound technology
- 67kV/12kV transformer T1
- 67kV/12kV transformer T2
8
UB-191