HomeMy WebLinkAboutD-3 Staff Report - Wildfire Mitigation Plan Comprehensive RevisionSCHEDULED ITEM
D-3
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
VIA: SERGIO GONZALEZ, CITY MANAGER
FROM: TIKAN SINGH, GENERAL MANAGER - AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER
DATE: JUNE 19, 2023
SUBJECT: ADOPTION OF THE CITY OF AZUSA REVISED WILDFIRE MITIGATION
PLAN DATED JUNE 19, 2023
BACKGROUND:
In late 2018, California Public Utilities Commission passed Senate Bill (“SB”) 901. It requires all
electric utilities operating in California to adopt wildfire mitigation plans (“WMP”) to ensure that
potential causes of wildfire ignition are fully mitigated within high-fire threat zones. In addition,
Section 8387 of SB 901 also requires that the utilities update their WMP annually, and perform a
comprehensive revision of the WMP every three years. It has been three years since the City Council
adopted Azusa Light and Water’s first WMP. As required by SB 901, Azusa WMP is revised and
evaluated by an independent evaluator. The proposed action would i) adopt a revised comprehensive
wildfire mitigation plan and ii) receive and file an independent evaluation of the Azusa Wildfire
Mitigation Plan that concluded that it is comprehensive and meets statutory requirements.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Staff recommends the City Council take the following actions:
1) Adopt the revised City of Azusa Wildfire Mitigation Plan dated June 19, 2023; and
2)Receive and file the independent evaluation report prepared by Dudek, Inc. that concluded
that the City of Azusa Wildfire Mitigation Plan is comprehensive and meets the statutory
requirements of California Public Utilities Code Section 8387.
ANALYSIS:
SB 901 requires all electric utilities operating in California to adopt wildfire mitigation plans
(“WMP”), update the WMP annually, and perform comprehensive revisions every three years. Since
the adoption of its first WMP in 2020, Azusa has been submitting updated WMP annually to the
Wildfire Safety Advisory Board (“WSAB”). The year 2023 marks the time for Azusa to perform the
comprehensive revision of its WMP. As required, staff thoroughly reviewed and updated Azusa’s
WMP to ensure it complies with all regulatory requirements of SB 901.
Approved
City Council
June 19, 2023
Approve the City of Azusa Wildfire Mitigation Plan
June 19, 2023
Page 2
ALW engaged Dudek, Inc., to review and evaluate the revised WMP. Dudek has reviewed and
concluded that the revised WMP is comprehensive and meets the statutory requirements of California
Public Utilities Code Section 8387. Dudek’s WMP independent evaluation report, dated May 31,
2023, is attached.
FISCAL IMPACT:
There is no fiscal impact associated with the adoption of the City of Azusa Wildfire Mitigation Plan.
All recommended actions for implementation were included in the 2022-23 Electric Fund operations
budget.
Prepared by: Reviewed and Approved:
Hien Vuong Tikan Singh
Assistant General Manager General Manager - Light and Water
Electric Operations
Reviewed and Approved:
Sergio Gonzalez
City Manager
Attachment:
1) City of Azusa Wildfire Mitigation Plan
2) Wildfire Mitigation Plan Independent Evaluation Report by Dudek
CITY OF AZUSA
WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
Updated June 19, 2023
Attachment 1
Table of Contents
1. STATUTORY COMPLIANCE .............................................................................................. 1
2. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 6
3. ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES IN FIRE THREAT AREAS..................................... 6
4. WILDFIRE RISKS ................................................................................................................ 6
5. WILDFIRE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES ................................................................................ 7
6. PUBLIC SAFETY POWER SHUTOFFS AND CUSTOMER NOTIFICATION .......................... 8
7. PLAN MONITORING AND AUDIT RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................... 10
8. PUBLIC COMMENT, APPROVAL AND INDEPENDENT EVALUATION ............................ 11
Exhibit A: City of Azusa Description
Exhibit B: CPUC Fire Threat Zones in Azusa
Exhibit C: Azusa Electric Distribution Facilities in Fire Threat Area
Azusa Light & Water
Wildfire Mitigation Plan
1
1. STATUTORY COMPLIANCE
TABLE 1: Context Setting Information
Utility Name CITY OF AZUSA
Service Territory Size 9.3 square miles
Owned Assets Distribution
Number of Customers
Served
16,500 customer accounts
Population Within Service
Territory
45,000 people
Customer Class
Makeup
Number of Accounts Share of Total Load (MWh)
87.7% Residential;
1.7% Government;
0% Agricultural;
10.4% Small/Medium
Business;
0.2% Commercial/Industrial
42.4% Residential;
4.1% Government;
0% Agricultural;
27.4% Small/Medium Business;
26.0% Commercial/Industrial
Service Territory
Location/Topography1
100% Urban
Percent of Service Territory
in CPUC High Fire Threat
Districts (based on total
area)
Tier 2: 2.0%
Tier 3: 0%
Prevailing Wind Directions
& Speeds by Season
The average hourly wind speed in Azusa experiences mild seasonal
variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for
5.9 months, from November 9 to May 7, with average wind speeds of
more than 6.6 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is December
31, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.1 miles per hour. The calmer
time of year lasts for 6.1 months, from May 7 to November 9. The
calmest day of the year is September 8, with an average hourly wind
speed of 5.2 miles per hour.
1 This data shall be based on the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection,
California Multi-Source Vegetation Layer Map, depicting WHR13 Types (Wildlife Habitat
Relationship classes grouped into 13 major land cover types) available at:
https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=b7ec5d68d8114b1fb2bfbf4665989eb3.
Azusa Light & Water
Wildfire Mitigation Plan
2
Miles of Owned
Lines Underground
and/or Overhead
Overhead Dist.: 66 miles
Overhead Trans.: 0 miles
Underground Dist.: 59 miles
Underground Trans.: 0 miles
Percent of Owned Lines in
CPUC High Fire Threat
Districts
Overhead Distribution Lines as % of Total Distribution System
(Inside and Outside Service Territory)
Tier 2: 0%
Tier 3: 0%
Customers have ever lost
service due to an IOU PSPS
event?
☐ Yes ☒ No
Customers have ever been
notified of a potential loss
of service to due to a
forecasted IOU PSPS
event?
☐ Yes ☒ No
Has developed protocols to
pre-emptively shut off
electricity in response to
elevated wildfire risks?
☒ Yes ☐ No
Has previously pre-
emptively shut off
electricity in response to
elevated wildfire risk?
☐ Yes ☒ No
If yes, then provide the following data for calendar year 2020:
Number of shut-off events: 0
Customer Accounts that lost service for >10 minutes: 0
For prior response, average duration before service restored: 0
Azusa Light & Water
Wildfire Mitigation Plan
3
Table 2: Cross References to Statutory
Requirements
Requirement
Statutory
Language
Location
in
WMP
Persons Responsible PUC § 8387(b)(2)(A): An accounting of the
responsibilities
of persons responsible for executing the plan.
Section 7
Page 10
Objectives of the Plan PUC § 8387(b)(2)(B): The objectives of the wildfire
mitigation plan.
Section
2.B.
Page 6
Preventive Strategies
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(C): A description of the
preventive strategies and programs to be adopted
by the local publicly owned electric utility or
electrical cooperative to minimize the risk of its
electrical lines and equipment causing catastrophic
wildfires, including consideration of
dynamic climate change risks.
Section 6
Page 9
Evaluation Metrics
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(D): A description of the metrics
the local publicly owned electric utility or electrical
cooperative plans to use to evaluate the wildfire
mitigation plan’s performance and the assumptions
that underlie the use of
those metrics.
Section
8.B(2)
Page 11
Impact of Metrics
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(E): A discussion of how the
application of previously identified metrics to
previous wildfire mitigation plan performances has
informed the wildfire mitigation
plan.
Section
8.B(2)
Page 11
Deenergization
Protocols
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(F): Protocols for disabling
reclosers and deenergizing portions of the electrical
distribution system that consider the associated
impacts on public safety, as well as protocols related
to mitigating the public safety impacts of those
protocols, including impacts on critical first
responders and on health and communication
infrastructure.
Section
6.C.
Page 9
Customer
Notification
Procedures
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(G): Appropriate and feasible
procedures for notifying a customer who may be
impacted by the deenergizing of electrical lines. The
procedures shall consider the need to notify, as a
priority, critical first responders, health care facilities,
and operators of
telecommunications infrastructure.
Section
6.C.
Page 9
Vegetation
Management
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(H): Plans for vegetation
management.
Section
5.D.
Page 8
Azusa Light & Water
Wildfire Mitigation Plan
4
Inspections PUC § 8387(b)(2)(I): Plans for inspections of the local
publicly owned electric utility’s or electrical
cooperative’s electrical infrastructure.
Section
5.B.
Page 8
Prioritization of
Wildfire Risks
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(J): A list that identifies, describes, and
prioritizes all wildfire risks, and drivers for those risks,
throughout the local publicly owned electric utility’s or
electrical cooperative’s service territory. The list shall
include, but not be limited to, both of the following:
(i) Risks and risk drivers associated with design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of the local
publicly owned electric utility’s or electrical
cooperative’s equipment and facilities.
(ii) Particular risks and risk drivers associated with
topographic and climatological risk factors throughout the
different parts of the local publicly owned electric
utility’s or electrical cooperative’s service territory.
Section 4
Page 7
CPUC Fire
Threat Map
Adjustments
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(K): Identification of any geographic
area in the local publicly owned electric utility’s or
electrical cooperative’s service territory that is a higher
wildfire threat than is identified in a commission fire
threat map, and identification of where the commission
should expand a high fire threat district based on new
information or
changes to the environment.
Section 3
Page 7
Enterprise- wide
Risks
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(L): A methodology for identifying and
presenting enterprise-wide safety risk and wildfire-related
risk.
Section 4
Page 7
Restoration of
Service
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(M): A statement of how the local
publicly owned electric utility or electrical cooperative will
restore
service after a wildfire.
Section
6.D.
Page 9
Monitor and
Audit
PUC § 8387(b)(2)(N): A description of the processes and
procedures the local publicly owned electric utility or
electrical cooperative shall use to do all of the following
(i) Monitor and audit the implementation of the
wildfire mitigation plan.
(ii) Identify any deficiencies in the wildfire mitigation
plan or its implementation, and correct those
deficiencies.
(iii) Monitor and audit the effectiveness of electrical line
and equipment inspections, including inspections
performed by contractors, that are carried out under the
plan, other applicable statutes, or commission rules.
Section 7
Page 10
Azusa Light & Water
Wildfire Mitigation Plan
5
Qualified
Independent
Evaluator
PUC § 8387(c): The local publicly owned electric utility or
electrical cooperative shall contract with a qualified
independent evaluator with experience in assessing the safe
operation of electrical infrastructure to review and assess the
comprehensiveness of its wildfire mitigation plan. The
independent evaluator shall issue a report that shall be made
available on the Internet Web site of the local publicly
owned electric utility or electrical cooperative, and shall
present the report at a public meeting of the local publicly
owned electric utility’s or electrical cooperative’s
governing board.
Section
8.C.
Page 11
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
6
2. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
A. Purpose
The City of Azusa (“Azusa”) owns and operates an electric distribution utility in the City of
Azusa and provides safe, reliable, sustainable, and affordable electricity to its residents and
businesses through its Light and Water Department (as more fully described in Exhibit A).
This Wildfire Mitigation Plan (“WMP”) documents that Azusa’s electric distribution facilities
within the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) Tier 2 and Tier 3 Fire Threat
Zones (“Fire Threat Area”), as shown in Exhibits B and C, are 100% underground facilities
and do not pose a risk of wildfire ignition. Nevertheless, Azusa has routinely inspected and
maintained its facilities following CPUC’s General Order (“GO”) 95, and 165 guidelines to
further minimize potential risks of wildfire ignition.
B. Objectives
The objectives of this WMP are as follows:
Identifying the ignition sources and wildfire risks related to Azusa’s equipment near the
High Wildfire Threat District.
Minimizing the sources of ignition near the Fire Threat Area.
Improving the resiliency of the electric grid
3. ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES IN FIRE THREAT AREAS
Exhibit C shows only two (2) distribution feeder circuits in the Fire Threat Area, and both
circuits are comprised of all-underground facilities. These two circuits are named the Owl
and Sierra Madre 12.47 kV circuits. There are currently no plans for system expansion into
the Fire Threat Area. Accordingly, no areas have been identified where the commission
should expand a high fire-threat district based on new information or changes to the
environment.
4. WILDFIRE RISKS
Azusa employed a methodology for identifying and presenting enterprise wide safety risk and
wildfire-related risk in the development of this WMP, including consultation with local fire
authorities and incorporation of industry best practices to identify the following wildfire risks
and mitigation strategies.
A. General Wildfire Risk: Fires caused by electrical facilities are generally caused by an
electrical short circuit, which creates heat and ignites a source of fuel. Localized
electrical fires transform into catastrophic wildfires when there is dry and abundant fuel
available and wind conditions spread the fire quickly before it can be controlled. Wildfire
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
7
prevention programs mitigate ignition sources and fuel availability.
B. Ignition Risk: Underground electrical facilities have inherently low ignition risk because
the conductors are buried approximately 3-feet below ground, and the conductors are
terminated in enclosed concrete vaults or metal cabinets. Any ignition from an electrical
fault would extinguish quickly in the absence of fuel. Undergrounding of facilities is one
of the most effective form of wildfire mitigation. Overhead electric facilities pose high
ignition risk. Protective fuses when operate can expel burnt particles which could ignite
nearby dry vegetations. Overhead power lines could also be the ignition cause. When
power line is in contact with tree branches or the ground, short circuit creates arc that
could ignite fire. ALW had replaced the pole mount fuses with S&C fault tamers on tap
lines which serve the residential area on the outskirt of the fire threat zone. ALW also
replaced two spans of bare copper wires with insulated tree wires in the back property
line of a block of residential area near the edge of the fire threat zone.
C. Fuel Risk: The customer service areas served by the underground electrical facilities in
the Fire Threat Area are in fully developed residential neighborhoods with no brush or
wooded areas that would serve as a fuel source that could grow into a catastrophic
wildfire. Also, all premises served in the Fire Threat Area are subject to the Los Angeles
County Fire Department Brush Clearance Program, which requires property owners to
clear fuel within a 30-foot radius of the structure, which further mitigates wildfire risk.
D. Topographic Risks: Azusa is a city in the San Gabriel Valley, at the foot of the San
Gabriel Mountains. The mountains to the north of the City have been designated as
CPUC Fire-Threat Tier 2 (Elevated) and CPUC Fire-Threat Tier 3 (Extreme). However,
there are only two (2) distribution feeder circuits in the Fire threat Area, and both circuits
are comprised of all-underground facilities in developed residential areas, and pose limited
wildfire risk.
E. Climatological Risks: Extended droughts or continued periods of below average rainfall
can increase dry vegetative fuel loads lending to the increase in wildfire risk. Prolonged
droughts can also weaken or kill trees. High winds can spread wildfires and blow
organic and flammable materials into exposed energized equipment. However, since
Azusa’s facilities are 100% underground in the Fire Threat Area there are no exposed
energized conductors and low fuel subject to climatological conditions in the fully
developed residential neighborhoods; therefore, climatological risks are low. The City’s
annual vegetation management program, that exists outside of the Fire Threat Area for
reliability purposes, clears all vegetation around high-voltage overhead power lines.
5. WILDFIRE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
The City of Azusa shall construct, maintain, and operate its electrical lines and equipment in a
manner that will minimize the risk of wildfire posed by those electrical lines and equipment,
including the following programs and activities:
A. 100% Underground Facilities in Fire Threat Area: Azusa shall maintain 100%
underground facilities in the Fire Threat Area, including any new system expansions
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
8
or line extensions.
B. Facilities Inspection Program: Azusa will continue to perform annual inspections of all
electrical facilities in the Fire Threat Area, in accordance with California Public
Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) General Order (“GO”) 165 and promptly repair any
issues found pursuant to such inspections.
In the fully developed residential subdivision within the tier 2 CPUC fire threat zone,
above-ground equipment such as pad mount transformers are routinely inspected and
maintained to address the probable cause of fire ignition. In the year 2021, ALW had
inspected all the pad mount transformers in the residential subdivision namely “Mountain
Cove”, which is in the Tier 2 zones. Any known issues such as rusty transformers or oil-
leaked transformers were immediately mitigated. ALW also practices conservative loading
philosophy to avoid overloading transformers.
C. No Automatic Re-energization into Fire Threat Area: The two feeder circuits serving
customers in the Fire Threat Area shall not be automatically re-energized. Manual re-
energization shall occur only after a visual inspection of facilities.
D. Vegetation Management Program: Azusa has a long-established system-wide annual
power line clearance tree trimming program, which clears all vegetation around high-
voltage overhead power lines. Clearances are maintained in accordance with CPUC GO
95 using Appendix E as a guideline. This program was established and will continue for
system reliability and is not part of this WMP because there are no overhead facilities in
the Fire Threat Area requiring vegetation management. All pad mount transformers in
the wildfire threat area are placed in front of the properties, where they are surrounded by
hardscapes. In the event that a transformer does explode, the risk of spreading fire is
extremely low.
E. Deployment of Non-Explosion Fuses: ALW replaced traditional protective fuses at
each overhead transformer in the residential area near the outskirt of the tier 2 wildfire
threat area with non-explosion S&C Fault Tamer fuses. When fault tamers operate,
they do not expel burnt elements that could ignite a fire.
F. Replacement of Bare Overhead Conductor: ALW replaced two spans of overhead
12KV tap lines with insulated tree-wires in the residential area at the outskirt of the tier
2 fire threat zone.
6. PUBLIC SAFETY POWER SHUTOFFS AND CUSTOMER NOTIFICATION
A. Azusa Initiated Public Safety Power Shutoffs (“PSPS”): Given that underground
distribution facilities are not subject to increased risk during wind events and have a very
low probability of ignition, Azusa does not plan on initiating PSPS for its feeder circuits
pursuant to high wind conditions.
B. Southern California Edison Initiated PSPS: Azusa imports 100% of its power supply
from the California Independent System Operator (“CAISO”) electric grid. SCE is the
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
9
Transmission Operator that operates both of Azusa’s substations. SCE has advised Azusa
that one of the SCE lines serving Azusa Substation runs partially through the Fire Threat
Area and is subject to PSPS. The probability of SCE initiated PSPS for this line is very
low because it runs through a commercial/industrial area, and it is not adjacent to an open
space fuel source. Also, Azusa Substation is fed from a second sub-transmission line that
is capable of carrying the entire station should a PSPS require the line through the Fire
Threat Area to be de-energized. However, Azusa maintains good communication with
SCE electric operations personnel and is prepared to shed load if required by a PSPS as
described. In the event of a PSPS requiring Azusa to interrupt service to its customers, all
power shall be promptly restored following the PSPS. ALW would follow the same
protocol in restoring power after the normal outage to restore the power following the
PSPS which entails: patrolling the circuit, identifying any electrical faults, and restoring
power after all threats are removed.
C. PSPS Notification of Customers: In the event that SCE were to interrupt one of the
lines feeding Azusa Substation pursuant to a PSPS, and the remaining line was unable
to reliably carry the entire station, then Azusa would shed load as required to stabilize
the distribution system and employ the following customer communication protocols
to notify customers of the extent and duration of the interruption:
Post notices and updates on the Azusa website and social media.
Email critical first responders such as Azusa Police Department, Los Angeles County
Fire Department, and Verizon. There are no hospitals or other health care facilities
currently operating in Azusa, but the email communication program would extend to
any new health care facilities in the future.
Call large key account customers, including the critical first responders to ensure clear
communication.
D. Emergency Management:
One of the benefits of having a municipally owned electric and water utility is the close
coordination with the first responders of other Departments of the City and the Los
Angeles County Fire Department that provides fire and rescue services to the City.
When the City Emergency Operations Center is invoked, under the incident command of
the Azusa Police Department, Azusa electric utility first responders work collaboratively
to manage emergencies affecting electric service, such as fires, PSPS events,
earthquakes, floods, etc. The City Emergency Operation Center is organized and
operated in accordance with the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, which available at
the following web link: https://azusaca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/41099/D-1-Staff-
Report---GPA-2019- 01--LHMP-Adoption?bidId=.
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
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7. PLAN MONITORING AND AUDIT RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Metrics: Azusa Light and Water uses three outcome driven metrics to evaluate the
effectiveness of the WMP. These metrics are:
1. Number of wildfires ignited by Azusa equipment. Azusa Light and Water
will track wildfire ignitions by Azusa’s electrical equipment within the city
limits by cause and location.
2. Number of local fires ignited by Azusa equipment. Azusa Light and Water
will track fire ignitions by Azusa’s electrical equipment within the city limits by
cause and location.
3. Number of fuse or relay operations. Azusa Light and Water will track fire
ignitions by Azusa’s electrical equipment within the city limits by cause and
location (in or outside of the high fire threat district).
B. Impacts of Metrics on the WMP: Azusa Light and Water has undergrounded its wires
and equipment in and adjacent to the high fire threat district within city limits. Since the
creation of the original WMP, ALW has recorded zero fires ignited because of our
equipment. Ninety-six fuse or relay operations have been recorded, all occurring outside
of the high fire threat district. These metrics including the zero events recorded for fire
ignitions indicate that the ALW wildfire prevention programs, with their focus on
undergrounding, continue to be an effective wildfire prevention strategy. Azusa Light and
Water plans to continue tracking these metrics as a method of documenting overall WMP
success at identifying and addressing wildfire risk.
The following Azusa personnel are responsible for the implementation, monitoring, and
auditing of the effectiveness of this WMP.
C. General Manager: Accountable for the implementation of a WMP that is in
compliance with statutory requirements, including the following:
Verify that the wildfire mitigation plan complies with all applicable rules, regulations,
and standards, as appropriate.
Accept comments from the public, other local and state agencies, and interested parties
regarding the WMP.
Present the WMP and the associated independent evaluation report, as revised, to the
Azusa Utility Board every three-year cycle at appropriately noticed public meetings.
Submit the initial and subsequent revised versions of the WMP to the California
Wildfire Safety Advisory Board on or before July 1 of each calendar year.
D. Assistant General Manager - Electric Operations: Responsible for implementing,
monitoring, auditing, and updating the WMP, including the following:
Implementation: Manage the engineering, procurement, and administration required to
fully implement the mitigation programs and activities of the WMP.
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
11
Monitor Effectiveness: WMP effectiveness is monitored by tracking the following
metrics in the Fire Threat Area since the year 2019
• There is a “0” Number of wildfires ignited by Azusa equipment
• There is a “0” Number of local fires ignited by Azusa equipment
• There is a “0” Number of fuse or relay operations, including causes
.
Audit Compliance: Prepare an annual WMP compliance report, Azusa will audit the
implementation of the WMP including completion reports for all prevention
programs and activities required by the WMP. Azusa will also monitor and audit the
effectiveness of inspections including those performed by contractors.
• During the week of May 9th, 2022 CPUC Safety and Enforcement Division’s
inspector audited ALW distribution system which includes the facilities in the fire
threat area. Minor infractions were identified. ALW had mitigated immediately and
submitted the report to that agency.
• During the week of March 7, 2023. ALW’s contractor - Allied Reliability performed
the Infrared Inspection of overhead facilities and pad mount transformers at large
commercial sites, and pad mount equipment such as switches and transformers in the
Mt. Cove (a subdivision) in the fire threat area
Update Plan: Identify WMP deficiencies based on metrics, change in conditions, new
prevention technology, and/or change in law, and update the WMP as applicable to
correct such deficiencies. The WMP shall be updated comprehensively every three
years.
Independent Evaluation: Contract with a qualified independent evaluator with
experience in assessing the safe operation of electrical infrastructure to review and
assess the comprehensiveness of the WMP on an annual basis.
Post on Internet: Post the latest version of the WMP and the independent evaluation
report on Azusa’s website for public accessibility.
8. PUBLIC COMMENT, APPROVAL AND INDEPENDENT EVALUATION
A. Public Comment
On December 4, 2019, Azusa staff received comments on the WMP from the Forestry
Division of the Los Angeles County Fire Department. All comments received were
incorporated into the WMP.
The draft WMP was posted on Azusa’s website on December 12, 2019, and the
Azusa City Council accepted comments from the public and interested parties prior
to approving the WMP.
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
12
B. Presentation and Approval
On June 12, 2023 Azusa staff presented the WMP at a properly noticed public
meeting of the City Council, which was also televised on a local channel, and the
WMP was unanimously approved by the Azusa City Council after receiving the
presentation and public comment.
The WMP will be updated by staff and re-approved by City Council annually.
C. Independent Evaluation
This WMP has been reviewed by a qualified independent evaluator with experience in
assessing the safe operation of electrical infrastructure to review and assess the
comprehensiveness of its wildfire mitigation plan. A report from the independent
evaluator was presented at a properly noticed City Council meeting on June 12, 2023 and
is posted on Azusa’s website.
Azusa Light &
Water Wildfire Mitigation Plan
13
EXHIBIT A
CITY OF AZUSA DESCRIPTION
City of Azusa
The City of Azusa (“Azusa”) was founded in 1887 and incorporated as a general law city on
December 29, 1898. The City is located in the County of Los Angeles, situated 27 miles
northeast of the City of Los Angeles, and nestled against the San Gabriel Mountain foothills.
The City of Azusa encompasses 9.13 square miles and has a population of approximately
45,000. Educational facilities include 9 public elementary / middle schools, 2 public high
schools, 1 private school, and 1 private university.
Light & Water Department
The Light & Water Department operates and maintains the electric and water utilities for the
City and serves approximately 16,500 electric and 23,000 water customers.
The Azusa electric utility was the successor to Azusa Electric Light & Power Company
purchased in 1904 for $2,300 and formally established its municipal electric utility.
Electricity was purchased wholesale from the Sierra Electric Company and then distributed
retail to our citizens and businesses. After Southern California Edison acquired Sierra
Electric Company in 1917, Azusa began to buy electricity wholesale from SCE. In the early
1980s, Azusa joined several other California municipal utilities allowing the Department to
purchase energy in the open market.
Azusa is a Distribution Provider, Load Serving Entity, and Scheduling Coordinator operating
within the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) Balancing Authority. Azusa has
no wholesale generation facilities, and all power is imported through two 69 kV substations
interconnected with Southern California Edison Company, the adjacent Transmission
Operator.
Azusa’s electric distribution feeders operate at 12 kV, and they are both overhead and
underground. All newly constructed distribution facilities are required to be underground,
and 100% of the existing facilities located in Fire Threat Area are underground facilities,
which fully mitigates Azusa’s wildfire ignition risk.
EXHIBIT B
CPUC FIRE THREAT ZONES IN
AZUSA
(SEE MAP ON NEXT PAGE)
Ci
t
r
u
s
A
v
e
.
Sierra Madre Ave.
1 inch = 1,600 feet Foothill Blvd. ´
CPUC Fire-Threat Tier 2 (Elevated)
CPUC Fire-Threat Tier 3 (Extreme)
J.Prado
California Public Utilities Commission
To
d
d
Av
e
.
Ve
r
n
o
n
Av
e
.
Sa
n
Ga
b
r
i
e
l
Av
e
.
Az
u
s
a
Av
e
.
EXHIBIT C
AZUSA ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION
FACILITIES IN FIRE THREAT AREA
(SEE MAP ON NEXT PAGE)
12255.05
Mr. Hien Vuong
Assistant General Manager-Electrical Operations
Azusa Light and Water
City of Azusa
729 N. Azusa Avenue
Azusa, California 91702
Subject: Independent Evaluator’s Report of the Azusa Light and Water’s 2023 Wildfire Mitigation Plan
Dear Hien Vuong:
Thank you for the opportunity to review the Azusa Light and Water 2023 Wildfire Mitigation Plan. Dudek is aware
that publicly owned utilities like yours strive to operate in a safe and efficient manner, and we are pleased to be
able to support Azusa in this effort. Below is our independent evaluation of your Wildfire Mitigation Plan.
1 Introduction
Azusa Light and Water (ALW) contracted with Dudek to engage in an independent evaluation of its 2023 Wildfire
Mitigation Plan (WMP). This independent evaluation report describes the technical review and evaluation of the
WMP prepared by ALW. The WMP requirements are codified in California Public Utilities Code (PUC)
Section 8387(b)(2) for local, publicly owned electric utilities (POUs). PUC Section 8387(c) requires that an
independent evaluator review and assess the comprehensiveness of a POU’s WMP and issue a summary report. The
year 2023 is important for POUs because they are required by PUC Section 8387(b)(1) to comprehensively revise their
WMPs “at least once every three years.”. The ALW’s last Independent Evaluator’s report was prepared for the review
of their 2020 WMP.
Dudek conducted a review of ALW’s 2023 WMP from February 27 to May 5, 2023. The focus of the evaluation was
to determine the comprehensiveness of the WMP and ensure it included all elements required under PUC
Section 8387(b)(2) (listed in Attachment A).
In addition to evaluating the elements required by the PUC, Dudek reviewed the Wildfire Safety Advisory Board’s
(WSAB’s) specific guidance for the ALW published in their Guidance Advisory Opinion for the 2023 Wildfire
Mitigation Plans of Electric Publicly Owned Utilities and Rural Electrical Cooperatives (WSAB 2022).
This Independent Evaluator’s Report contains the following elements: (1) an overview of the ALW, (2) a review of
the statutory requirements in PUC Section 8387(b)(2) for local POUs, (3) a review of the specific recommendations
published by WSAB for ALW’s 2022 WMP, (4) ALW’s 2022 wildfire mitigation and prevention accomplishments, (5)
an overview of the metrics used in the ALW WMP, and (6) a comparison of wildfire risk reduction strategies used by
ALW to those used by similar utilities and municipal utility industry standards.
May 31, 2023
Attachment 3
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
2 An Overview of Azusa Light and Water
ALW is a municipal utility provider that provides electric service to customers within the city limits of Azusa (City),
California. ALW’s service territory covers 9.3 square miles of the San Gabriel Valley. The northernmost portions of
the City (north of the Metro train line) extend into the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. The west side of the
City is defined by San Gabriel Canyon, the large drainage that contains the San Gabriel River and extends northeast
into the core of the San Gabriel Mountains. Generally, ALW’s service territory has a south-facing aspect with gentle
slopes that becoming increasingly steep moving from south to north. The northern most portions of ALW’s service
territory extends into the mountains and ridgelines that define the southernmost peaks of the San Gabriel
Mountains, but these mountainous areas are undeveloped, and ALW has no infrastructure outside of a single
development in San Gabriel Canyon. ALW’s asset portfolio consists entirely of distribution lines and distribution
equipment. ALW’s lines and equipment in the northern third of its service territory (north of Sierra Madre Boulevard)
are entirely underground. The remainder of the service territory is a combination of aboveground and belowground
wires and equipment. The High Fire Threat District begins north of Sierra Madre Boulevard throughout most of
ALW’s service territory so that the transition to underground wires and equipment occurs outside of the High Fire
Threat District and in developed, urban areas. Southern California Edison has a transmission line that runs along
the west side of the service territory.
Including all facilities, equipment, and service lines, 2% of ALW’s service territory lies within a CPUC High Fire Threat
Tier 2 area and 0% lies within a CPUC High Fire Threat Tier 3 area. As stated above, ALW’s service territory is
contained within Azusa city limits. South of Sierra Madre Boulevard the City is fully urbanized, and there is
insufficient vegetation to sustain the growth of a wildfire. North of Sierra Madre Boulevard, development, mainly
residential neighborhoods, is interspersed with open space or undeveloped hillsides until the northern most
portions of the City where development ends. Approximately 50% of ALW’s service territory is classified as Wildland
Urban Interface (WUI) (Radeloff, V.C. 2020), beginning approximately at Foothill Boulevard and extending north to
the city limits.
ALW ’s service territory experiences a fire season that lasts from April to November during a typical year. Early fall,
from September to October, is considered the most critical period due to the combination of Santa Ana winds and
low fuel moistures. ALW’s service territory has experienced repeated wildfires since the California Department of
Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) began recording data on fire perimeters, with more than 20 wildfires
occurring within the city limits since 1918 (CAL FIRE 2022). The northern portion of ALW’s service territory, north
of Sierra Madre Boulevard, has experienced larger and more frequent fires then the remainder of the City.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
3 Statutory Requirements for Wildfire Mitigation Plans
PUC Section 8387(b)(2) lists the statutory requirements for WMPs. These are the specific elements that the
independent evaluator must review to make its determination for a report. The specific elements that must be
addressed in the ALW WMP are included in Attachment A and are summarized here for reference.
▪ Staff responsibilities
▪ General objectives
▪ Wildfire risk reduction program descriptions
▪ The metrics used to evaluate WMP performance.
▪ How the application of previously identified metrics has informed the WMP
▪ Protocols for reclosers, de-energization, and public safety power shut-off
▪ Procedures for community notification and outreach
▪ Vegetation management plans
▪ Electrical equipment and infrastructure inspection plans
▪ Description of wildfire risks and drivers for those risks throughout the service territory, including design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of equipment and facilities, and topographic and climatological
risk factors
▪ Identification of any geographic area in the service territory that is a higher wildfire threat than is identified
in a commission fire threat map
▪ Identification of enterprise-wide safety risk and wildfire-related risks
▪ How the service will be restored after a wildfire
▪ The processes and procedures used to monitor and audit the implementation of the WMP and identify any
deficiencies, and the effectiveness of electrical line and equipment inspections
4 Public Utility Code Requirements
Dudek found that the ALW WMP meets the statutory requirements of comprehensiveness per PUC Section 8387.
The review of the WMP’s elements is summarized relative to the application of the WMP. Dudek’s assessment is in
bold text beneath the description of the requirement. The table in Attachment A lists each PUC-required element
for the ALW WMP and provides Dudek’s initial and final assessments of the comprehensiveness of that element.
Minimizing Wildfire Risks
PUC Section 8387(a) requires the following: “Each local publicly owned electric utility and electrical cooperative
shall construct, maintain, and operate its electrical lines and equipment in a manner that will minimize the risk of
wildfire posed by those electrical lines and equipment.”
The ALW WMP comprehensively describes the safety-related measures that the ALW follows to reduce its risk of
causing wildfires. Dudek has determined that ALW complies with this requirement through the design of its system,
its operations, and the implementation of wildfire risk reduction and wildfire response strategies. The WMP has an
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
emphasis on ALW’s commitment to undergrounding its assets in the High Fire Threat District and that program’s
effectiveness at reducing wildfire ignition risks.
Evaluation of WMP Elements
Below is a summary of the WMP elements as required by PUC Section 8387, including restating sections of the
WMP where applicable.
8387(b)(2)(A): Responsibilities of Persons Responsible for Executing the Plan.
Chapter 7 of the ALW WMP comprehensively describes staff responsibilities and functions in the
implementation of the WMP.
8387(b)(2)(B): Objectives of the Wildfire Mitigation Plan
Chapter 2, Section B, of the ALW WMP describes the WMP’s three objectives. The objectives are brief but
aptly describe the objectives of the ALW WMP.
8387(b)(2)(C): Prevention Strategies and Programs
Chapter 5 in the ALW WMP describes ALW’s wildfire prevention strategies. It is comprehensive and
emphasizes that undergrounding all equipment in the High Fire Threat District is ALW’s primary strategy.
8387(b)(2)(D): Metrics and Assumptions for Measuring WMP Performance
Chapter 7, Section A, of the ALW WMP contains a description of the metrics used by the WMP.
8387(b)(2)(E): Impact of Previous Metrics on WMP
Chapter 7, Section B, of the ALW WMP contains a a description of the impacts that the metrics used in
the previous of the WMP have had on the current WMP.
8387(b)(2)(F): Reclosing Protocols
Chapter 5, Section C of the ALW WMP states that there are no automatic recloser schemes on the two
circuits in the High Fire Threat District.
8387(b)(2)(G): De-energization Notification Procedures
Chapter 6 in the ALW WMP comprehensively describes ALW’s notification process and the means by
which ALW must notify customers (e.g., email to first responders, ALW website).
8387(b)(2)(H): Vegetation Management
Chapter 6, Section 6.4 of the ALW WMP contains a comprehensive description of the ALW vegetation
management program. Since the utility has undergrounded their equipment in the High Fire Threat
District, the ALW’s vegetation management program is limited to urban areas of the City where there are
aboveground wires.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
8387(b)(2)(I): Inspections
Chapter 6, Section 6.5 of the ALW WMP comprehensively describes ALW’s inspection program, including
the type and frequency of inspections.
8387(b)(2)(J)(i): Risks and Risk Drivers Associated with Design and Construction Standards
Chapter 4, Sections A and B of the ALW WMP describe some risk drivers related to design, construction,
operation, and maintenance.
8387(b)(2)(J)(ii): Risks and Risk Drivers Associated with Topographic and Climatological Risk Factors
Chapter 4, Sections C through E in the ALW WMP provide a comprehensive description of the geographic
and climatological factors present across the ALW service territory.
8387(b (2)) (K): Geographical Area of Higher Wildfire Threat
Chapter 3 in the ALW WMP states that ALW has examined the High Fire Threat District maps for the ALW
and sees no areas where it needs to be expanded.
8387(b)(2)(L): Enterprise-wide Safety Risks
The beginning of Chapter 4 of the ALW WMP includes the statement, “Azusa employed a methodology for
identifying and presenting enterprise-wide safety risk and wildfire-related risk in the development of this
WMP, including consultation with local fire authorities and incorporation of industry best practices to
identify the following wildfire risks and mitigation strategies.” The ALW does not have an independent
enterprise risk identification and presentation protocol; instead, ALW uses the risk assessment process
described in the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.
8387(b)(2)(M): Restoration of Service
Chapter 6, Section B of the ALW WMP includes the statement, “In the event of a PSPS [Public Safety
Power Shutoff] requiring Azusa to interrupt service to its customers, all power shall be promptly restored
following the PSPS.”
8387(b)(2)(N)(i): Monitoring and Auditing WMP Implementation, 8387(b)(2)(N)(ii): Identifying and
Correcting WMP Deficiencies, and 8387(b)(2)(N)(iii): Monitoring and Auditing the Effectiveness of
Inspections
Chapter 7, Sections C and D of the ALW WMP provide a description of the ALW’s program for monitoring
and auditing the WMP, and for identifying deficiencies in the WMP. The WMP organizes the ALW’s actions
for reviewing their WMP, identifying deficiencies, and applying corrective actions based on the personnel
responsible for the different elements of the WMP.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
5 Wildfire Safety Advisory Board Guidance
Advisory Opinions
In November 2022, WSAB published a report with a description of general recommendations for improving the
WMPs for POUs and rural electrical cooperatives. At the end of the report, WSAB provided specific recommendations
for each utility that submitted a WMP for review. Dudek reviewed WSAB’s report, and the section below contains a
summary of each recommendation WSAB had for the ALW’s 2022 WMP and whether the 2023 WMP has addressed
the WSAB’s recommendations (WSAB 2022). The materials published by the WSAB and the recommendations
within are for guidance only and are not statutory requirements.
WSAB did not have any recommendations, revisions, or corrections for the ALW’WMP in the most recent guidance
document.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
6 Azusa Light and Water 2022 Progress in Implementing
Wildfire Mitigation Plan Wildfire Prevention Strategies
This section describes the ALW’s accomplishments in 2022 for the wildfire prevention program and strategies
described in the WMP.
Vegetation Management 1
▪ Vegetation Management Completed (in circuit miles): 108
▪ Vegetation/Line Clearance Completed (in circuit miles): 108
Inspections
• Equipment inspections performed (in circuit miles) including underground equipment inspections: 148
System Hardening
• Pole replacement program accomplishments: All poles inspected in 2021; 48 were red tagged in the 2021,
and ALW replaced 18 of the red tagged poles in 2022
• Fuse replacement program accomplishments: 26 fuses were replaced with non -expulsive type holders in
the High Fire Threat District.
• Covered conductors installed: Two spans of wire were replaced next to the Tier 2 High Fire Threat District.
• Animal deterrents installed: Covered conductors were installed for lead wire to equipment , and insulators
covers were installed.
7 Wildfire Mitigation Plan Metric Overview
Metrics help POUs determine if their wildfire prevention strategies are effective for reducing the risk of a wildfire
ignited by their electrical equipment.
ALW has adopted three metrics and used them since the creation of the first WMP in 2020. These metrics are
number of wildfires ignited by Azusa equipment, number of local fires ignited by Azusa equipment, and number of
fuse or relay operations. ALW records fire ignition metric data on an event basis. ALW records fuse or relay
1 ALW performs minimal vegetation management work in the High Fire Threat Districts since their equipment and wires are
underground in these areas.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
operations metric data on monthly outage reports. For each event, ALW records the date and time of the event and
a description of the cause of the event (if known).
Table 1 provides the data recorded from 2020 to 2022 using the three metrics.
Table 1. Metric Event Records in 2020–2022
Metric Outside of the HFTD Within the HFTD
Fire Ignitions 0 0
Wildfire Ignitions 0 0
Fuse or Relay Operations 96 0
Note: HFTD = High Fire Threat District.
These three metrics with the supplemental data regarding date, time, and location of the event for fire ignitions,
plus cause of the event for fuse or relay operation, are useful for informing the ALW about the effectiveness of their
wildfire prevention strategies. Undergrounding their equipment and locating the aboveground portions of this
system in developed areas has reduced the risk of ALW’s electrical equipment igniting a wildfire by removing the
common elements of electrical equipment ignited fires, namely overhead wires, vegetation adjacent to the wires,
and a receptive fuel bed on the surface. Since performance metrics, such as vegetation management or tree
trimming, or outcome metrics that are a precursor to a wildfire ignition, such as wire down events, don’t apply to
the ALW, outcome metrics such as new fire ignitions and fuse or relay operations are effective metrics for measuring
WMP performance.
This independent evaluator’s report finds these three metrics to be acceptable; it would be useful to collect new
fire ignition data from other electrical utilities for a comparison in future versions of the WMP.
8 Comparison of Industry Standards and Similar Utility
Wildfire Prevention Strategies
As part of this review of the ALW 2023 WMP, Dudek compared the wildfire prevention strategies described in the
WMP to the strategies being implemented by POUs and accepted electrical industry practices for reducing wildfire
risk. ALW’s service territory has the most in common with the adjacent cities of Glendora and Irwindale; however,
its immediate neighbors are served by Southern California Edison. For this Independent Evaluator’s Report, Palo
Alto Utility (CPAU) and the Moreno Valley Utility (MVU) were selected for comparison to ALW’s wildfire prevention
strategies. ALW, CPAU, and MVU are similar in terms of owned assets and the layout of their service territories with
an urban core and a sparsely developed foothill or mountainous areas at the edge of their service territories.
Additionally, all three utilities use undergrounding as their principal means to reduce wildfire risk in their High Fire
Threat Districts. However, CPAU differs from ALW and MVU in that CPAU is in the process of undergrounding the
portions of its system in the High Fire Threat District whereas ALW and MVU have already completed this effort.
8.1 Vegetation Management
ALW, CPAU, and MVU implement vegetation management programs that meet General Order 95 requirements,
including tree trimming and surface vegetation management. Because they have no overhead lines or equipment
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
in their High Fire Threat Districts, ALW and MVU perform very little surface vegetation management work, and most
of their line clearance tree trimming work is performed in the developed urban areas and away from portions of
their territories with sufficient vegetation to sustain a wildfire.
8.2 System Hardening
Undergrounding
ALW, CPAU, and MVU use undergrounding as their primary strategy for reducing the risk of wildfire being
ignited by their equipment and their systems being damaged by a wildfire. ALW and MVU have 100% undergrounded
their distribution system in their High Fire Threat Districts. CPAU is in the process of transitioning to underground
circuits in their High Fire Threat District.
Equipment Maintenance and Upgrades
ALW and CPAU have ongoing equipment upgrade programs that are designed to reduce the risk of outage,
equipment failure, and new wildfire ignitions. These include:
• Installing animal deterrents such as raptor framing and squirrel guards
• Installing covered conductors
• Replacing expulsive fuses with non-expulsive fuses
CPAU performs these upgrades on the portions of their system not identified for undergrounding, and ALW performs
these upgrades on equipment outside the High Fire Threat District. The MVU does not have an equipment upgrade
program focused on wildfire risk reduction because their entire distribution system in underground.
System Design
ALW has construction standards designed to reduce the risk of fire ignited by the failure of their electrical
equipment, which include the requirement of undergrounding of all new electrical equipment in the High Fire Threat
District. In addition, ALW requires that the aboveground portions (e.g., transformers) of an underground electrical
circuit be installed in developed areas along roads so in the event of an equipment failure that leads to a fire, there
will be no flammable vegetation around the equipment box.
Recloser Policy
ALW, CPAU, and MVU do not utilize automatic reclosing schemes on circuits in their High Fire Threat Districts. ALW
and CPAU are set to manual re-energization, and in the event of an outage, both utilities do not re-energize until
they have inspected their equipment.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
8.3 Situational Awareness
Patrols and Visual Inspec tions
All three utilities have electrical equipment and facilities that meet California Public Utilities Commission
requirements including the annual visual inspection of their overhead circuits and the routine inspection of
underground circuits.
9 Conclusion
ALW has prepared a comprehensive WMP for 2023. The WMP meets all statutory requirements described in PUC
Section 8387(b)(2) for a POU. In their most recent guidance document, WSAB had no recommended revisions or
additions for the ALW WMP. The ALW WMP describes a wildfire mitigation program that accurately assesses the
risks and risk drivers present in their service territory and is successful at demonstrating that the ALW’s primary
wildfire prevention program of undergrounding wires is an effective strategy for reducing the risk of a wildfire ignition
from its electrical equipment.
Based on the information available in the WMP and information collected in the preparation of this report, ALW is
aware of the wildfire risk present in its service territory and the surrounding foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains.
ALW has been proactive in reducing the risk that its equipment and facilities will start a wildfire by requiring the
undergrounding of its electrical equipment.
Sincerely,
________________________________
Jeremy Cawn
Fire Protection Planner
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
10 References
Carlson, A.R., Helmers, D.P., Hawbaker, T.J., Mockrin, M.H., and Radeloff, V.C., 2020, Wildland-urban interface
maps for the conterminous U.S. based on 125 million building locations: U.S. Geological Survey data
release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94BT6Q7.
CAL FIRE (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection). 2022. Fire Perimeters through 2021. Fire and
Resource Assessment Program. October 1, 2022. https://frap.fire.ca.gov/mapping/gis-data/.
WSAB (California Wildfire Safety Advisory Board). 2022. Guidance Advisory Opinion for the 2023 Wildfire
Mitigation Plans of Electric Publicly Owned Utilities and Rural Electric Cooperative. Office of Energy
Infrastructure Safety. Adopted November 16, 2022. Accessed May 31, 2023.
https://energysafety.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/wsab-wmp-pou-guidance-advisory-opinion-adopted.pdf.
Attachment A
Azusa Light and Water 2023 WMP Review Summary Tables
Table 1. PUC 8387 Requirements
Public Utility Code 8387(b)(2)
Section Description of Required Element Initial Review Comment Final Review Comment
A Staff Responsibilities Good. Good.
B General Objectives
The text in PUC 8387 and the WSAB's guidance
documents don't provide specific direction for what a
POU's objectives should be. The objectives can be
revised to show to how the WMP reduces the POU's
risk of wildfire caused by its electrical equipment. I
recommend updating/revising the WMP objectives:
objective (1) identify Azusa’s electric distribution
facilities located within the High Fire Threat District
and immediately adjacent to the High Fire Threat
District, (2) minimizing the source of ignitions from
ALW electrical equipment, (3) resiliency of the
electrical grid.
Updated. Objectives section
revised to described three
objectives. Updated objectives
are more relevant to wildfire
mitigation plan.
C Program Descriptions Good. Undergrounding is the ALWs primary wildfire
prevention strategy. Good.
D Evaluation Metrics
Good. Move into its own section with PUC 8387
(b)(2)(E). I recommend explaining how the local fires
ignited by Azusa equipment differs from the wildfires
ignited by Azusa equipment metric.
Updated. Moved into its own
section
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
E Lessons learned, metrics
application
Needs more information. Include metric data
collected since 2019 and describe why this indicates
these metrics are useful for informing on the
effectiveness of the plan.
Updated. Added a short
description of the impacts that
the metrics have on the WMP and
ALW’s wildfire prevention
programs.
F
Protocols for reclosers, de-
energization, and PSPS
mitigation
Good. ALW does not set circuits for automatic
reclosing schemes in the High Fire Threat District.
Good. ALW does not set circuits
for automatic reclosing schemes
in the High Fire Threat District.
G Community Notification Good. Good.
H Vegetation Management Good. Good.
I Infrastructure Inspections
Good. Include description of infrared inspections of
equipment, aboveground transformers in High Fire
Threat Fire District.
Good.
J(i) Grid Design, construction, and
operation risks
Good. Describe if there is any aboveground electrical
equipment or overhead wires next to the High Fire
Threat District that is in location where there is
sufficient vegetation to sustain a fire.
Good.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
J(ii) Vegetation, topographic, and
climate risks
Good. Describe weather-related risk-drivers for the
Azusa area, i.e., Santa Ana winds, Red Flag Conditions
for long periods of high temps/low humidities.
Good.
K Identification and expansion of
higher wildfire threat areas Good. Good.
L Identify enterprise-wide risk Needs more information. Describe ALW's process for
identifying enterprise-wide risk.
Updated. ALW does not use its
own risk assessment system. It
uses the risk assessment process
described in the City’s Local
Hazard Mitigation Plan.
M Restoration of Service
Needs more information. Describe ALW’s process for
restoring power after PSPS or after an outage if the
procedure is the same.
Updated. Describes the ALW's
process for restoration of service.
N(i) Monitoring and auditing of
WMPs
Good. Include the annual WMP audit report (CPUC
system-wide audit), describe the nature of the audit
and the results.
Good. Audit results included.
Based on conversations with ALW
staff, ALW addressed all of the
items identified in the CPUC audit.
TO: HIEN VUONG
SUBJECT: INDEPENDENT EVALUATOR’S REPORT OF AZUSA LIGHT AND WATER 2023 WILDFIRE MITIGATION PLAN
N(ii) Identifying and correcting
deficiencies Good. Good.
N(iii) Monitoring asset inspections
Needs more information. Add a description of how
the ALW monitors and audits inspections, e.g., ride-a-
longs, quality control inspections/re-inspections, etc.
Needs more information. Add a
description of how ALW monitors
and audits inspections, e.g., ride-
a-longs, quality control
inspections/re-inspections, etc.
Table 2. ALW-Specific WSAB Recommendations
WSAB 2023 POU WMP
Guidance Advisory Opinion
Description of the WSAB
Recommendation Initial Review Comment Final Review Comment
None None
The WSAB had no recommendations, revisions, or
corrections for the ALW WMP in their most recent
guidance document.
The WSAB had no
recommendations, revisions, or
corrections for the ALW WMP in
their most recent guidance
document.
Table 3. ALW WMP Comments
Location Page Initial Review Comment Final Review Comment
Exhibit C 19 No Comments Text on the map legend was
translated to gibberish.